U.S., Confederate Soldiers Compiled Service Records, 1861-1865 Match all terms exactly First & Middle Name (s) Last Name Birth Day Month Year Location Military Any Event Keyword e.g. David G. Smith, "Race and Retaliation: The Capture of African Americans During the Gettysburg Campaign." [32], The southern churches met the shortage of Army chaplains by sending missionaries. Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view.. web pages called rebs and yanks. Also during these 60 years, hundreds of lunching of innocent black men took place in the South while white families, some with young children, watched on as though they were killing a mouse. The C.S. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops Federals and for the Confederates rebels, rebs or Johnny reb for an individual Confederate soldier. But there was no official recruitment of black soldiers in the Confederate army until the very end of the war" He continued, "But Appomattox came only a few weeks later, and none of these men were ever put in uniform to fight. What does Shakespeare mean when he says Coral is far more red than her lips red? There were four grades of general officer (general, lieutenant general, major general, and brigadier general), but all wore the same insignia regardless of grade. Occasionally, a single corps might operate independently as if it were a small army. What were Confederate soldiers nicknames in the American Civil War? Cavalry regiments from Texas, for example, often used red insignia and at least one Texas infantry regiment used black. It is not in the nature of these men to remain quiet in the ranks under such circumstances. Former Confederate secretary of state Robert Toombs said "In my opinion, the worst calamity that could befall us would be to gain our independence by the valor of our slaves instead of our own " and complained using black troops would be "a surrender of the entire slavery question. Copy. For Confederate army soldiers, there are two major records in NARA that provide information on military service: (1) compiled military service record (CMSR) and (2) records reproduced in microfilm publication M861, Compiled Records Showing Service of Military Units in Confederate Organizations (74 rolls). The Legion, raised in September 1862, fought until the end of the War. YEOMANRY. General Sherman's total warfare reduced the ability of the South to produce food and ship it to the armies or its cities. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. "[94] African American slave labor was used in a wide variety of logistical support roles for the Confederacy, from infrastructure and mining, to teamster and medical roles such as hospital attendants and nurses. The best estimates of Confederate military personnel deaths are about 94,000 killed or mortally wounded, 164,000 deaths from disease, and between 26,000 and 31,000 deaths in Union prison camps. Search the history of over 797 billion as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in The Confederacy, when used within or in reference to North America, generally means the Confederate States of America. However, according to Randolph H. McKim in his book The Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, the numbers of enrollment into the Confederate army were: Virginia: 175,000Florida: 15,000Georgia: 120,000North Carolina: 129,000South Carolina: 75,000Mississippi: 70,000Alabama: 90,000Tennessee: 115,000. The problem escalated rapidly after that, and fewer and fewer men returned. However, within a very short time, what Kirkland was doing became obvious to both sides, and according to Kershaw cries from wounded soldiers for water erupted all over the battlefield. It also extended the terms of enlistment for all one-year soldiers to three years. on June 25, 2020, There are no reviews yet. Honoring the heroes & heroines that fought that struggle is no disgrace. Many of their soldiers deserted, returned home, and formed a military force that fought off regular army units trying to punish them. Some of the more important armies and their commanders were: Some other prominent Confederate generals who led significant units operating sometimes independently in the CSA included Thomas J. Supplementing the Confederate army were the various state militias of the Confederacy: Control and operation of the Confederate army were administered by the Confederate States War Department, which was established by the Confederate Provisional Congress in an act on February 21, 1861. 2 What was the Souths nickname in the Civil War? Historian James M. McPherson says: Confederate and Union soldiers interpreted the heritage of 1776 in opposite ways. By the mid-war, most regiments averaged 300400 men, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts. The central government was short of money so each state government had to supply its regiments. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. a Question CREATIVE. The overwhelming support most Confederates had for maintaining black slavery was the primary cause of their strong opposition to using African Americans as armed soldiers. Daniel Library Stacks Call Number E548 .H4. Union slodiers - Yanks or Yankees . In the absence of exact records, estimates of the percentage of Confederate soldiers who were draftees, are about double the 6 percent of Union soldiers who were conscripts. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Army) or lieutenant generals. "'The land of my birth and the home of my heart': Enlistment Motivations for Confederate Soldiers in Montgomery County, Virginia, 18611862.'" Corporal of the Artillery division of the Confederate Army, Confederate mortar crew at Warrington, Florida in 1861, across from Fort Pickens, Confederate artillery at Charleston Harbor, 1863, Lt Col. E. V. Nash, 4th Georgia Infantry Doles-Cook Brigade, who was killed in 1864. The Secretary of War has authorized me to enlist all the Indians east of the Mississippi River into the service of the Confederate States, as Scouts. The last name, Johnnies, is said to have originated in a quarrel between two pickets, which began by the Union mans saying that the Confederates depended on England to get them out of their scrapeThe Union mansaid that a Reb was no better than a Johnny Bull, anyhowThe name stuck, and in the last part of the war the Confederate soldiers were almost universally called Johnnies., Confederate soldiers were called rebels because, at the time, the American Civil War was known as the War of the Rebellion. Since the Confederates were fighting against their own country in this rebellion, they were called rebels.. "Grunt" A Vietnam War soldier. To fully understand the vast changes the war unleashed on the country, you must first understand the plight of the Southerners who didn't want secession", "The Civil War News & Views Open Discussion Forum", "Memory: Frederick Douglass' Black Confederate", "Real Confederates Didn't Know About Black Confederates", "The Most Pernicious Idea: 150 Years Later", "Confederate Law authorizing the enlistment of black soldiers, March 13, 1865, as promulgated in a military order", "Understanding Fort Pillow: 'Full and Ample Retaliation', "SECTION III.DesertersPrisoners of warHostagesBooty on the battle-field", INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GOVERNMENT OF ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES IN THE FIELD, "West Points of the Confederacy: Southern Military Schools and the Confederate Army". Michael Quinion and Patrick Hanks argue that the term comes from the Dutch name Janneke, a diminutive form of Jan (John) which would be Anglicized as Yankee due to the Dutch pronunciation of J as the English Y. [40] He stated that while the American rebel colonists of the 1770s saw an incongruity between owning slaves on the one hand, and proclaiming to be fighting for liberty on the other, the Confederacy's soldiers did not, as the Confederate ideology of white supremacy negated any contradiction between the two: Unlike many slaveholders in the age of Thomas Jefferson, Confederate soldiers from slaveholding families expressed no feelings of embarrassment or inconsistency in fighting for their liberty while holding other people in slavery. Our site is COPPA and kidSAFE-certified, so you can rest assured it's a safe place for kids to grow and explore. Armies were usually commanded by full generals (there were seven in the C.S. Names of Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, Regiment, and Company. Sandbox Learning is part of Sandbox & Co., a digital learning company. He first saw action during the First Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas), and later in the Battle of Savage's Station, Battle for Maryland Heights and Battle of Antietam, during which time many of his closest friends from Kershaw County were killed. According to historian Paul D. Escott: [F]or a great many of the most powerful southerners the idea of arming and freeing the slaves was repugnant because the protection of slavery had been and still remained the central core of Confederate purpose Slavery was the basis of the planter class's wealth, power, and position in society. [21], On August 8, 1861, the Confederacy called for 400,000 volunteers to serve for one or three years. Most historians agree that, no matter what he thought about when he went into the war, the experience of combat affected him profoundly and sometimes affected his reasons for continuing to fight. An accurate count of the total number of individuals who served in the Confederate Army is not possible due to incomplete and destroyed Confederate records; estimates of the number of individual Confederate soldiers are between 750,000 and 1,000,000 troops. Name that Criminal 55%. The Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels. By Sam Smith February 10, 2015 Updated February 23, 2022. A Manual of Military Surgery (1863). (Robert E. Lee was a notable exception to this. They seized federal property, including nearly all U.S. Army forts, within their borders. Confederate guerrillas were called bushwhackers. [107] It would not be until Robert E. Lee wrote the Confederate Congress urging them that the idea would take serious traction. BOYCOTT. so grateful for this information I know my family fought with the Confederates during the Civil War and am just trying to find out about family history and my countrys history thanks from a curious mind! What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? [10] Lincoln was determined to hold the forts remaining under U.S. control when he took office, especially Fort Sumter in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. Fold3 provides convenient access to military records, including the stories, photos, and personal documents of the men and women who served. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Four regiments usually formed a brigade, although as the number of soldiers in many regiments became greatly reduced, especially later in the war, more than four were often assigned to a brigade. [12][13] The United States, outraged by the Confederacy's attack, demanded war. It does not store any personal data. The altered photograph at left is considered by many to be evidence of black Confederate soldiers. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". So anestimated 20,000 to . "Stonewall" Jackson, James Longstreet, J. E. B. Stuart, Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, John B. Gordon. ", "How people convince themselves that the Confederate flag represents freedom, not slavery: Historian John M. Coski examines the fights over the symbol's meaning in 'The Confederate Battle Flag: America's Most Embattled Emblem. Only seven men achieved the rank of (full) general;[74] the highest-ranking (earliest date of rank) was Samuel Cooper, Adjutant General and Inspector General of the Confederate States Army. Be the first one to, The roster of Confederate soldiers, 1861-1865, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, Confederate States of America. For more information about Fold3. For example, at the pivotal Battle of Chancellorsville, the average U.S. Army infantry regiment's strength was 433 men, versus 409 for Confederate infantry regiments. In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. The CSRs may also include original documents pertaining to the soldier. The Confederate Congress gave control over military operations, and authority for mustering state forces and volunteers to the President of the Confederate States of America on February 28, 1861, and March 6, 1861. For Free. In addition to the Indians, I will receive all white male citizens, who are good marksmen. The best conjecture for Union Army wounded is 275,175. Although fewer soldiers might comprise a squad or platoon, the smallest infantry maneuver unit in the Army was a company of 100 soldiers. Native Americans served in both the United States and Confederate military during the American Civil War. [79], By 1863, Confederate generals such as Robert E. Lee often spent as much time and effort searching for food for their men, as they did in planning strategy and tactics. Let us put the negro to work, but not to fight. [11], Under orders from Confederate President Jefferson Davis, C.S. On the night of December 13, walking wounded made their way to the field hospital while those who were disabled were forced to remain on the battlefield. A friend who visited the gravesite years later was said to have commented that it was one of the most sequestered, unfrequented, and inaccessible spots for a grave he'd ever seen. Confederate soldiers were called Rebels and Rebs, or simply "Johnny Reb." Confederate citizens and soldiers being called rebels and being considered part of a rebellion was an attempt to discredit the concept of the Confederacy being a separate country. [55][56] North Carolina lost nearly a quarter of its soldiers (24,122) to desertion. bushwhackers. Individual commanders often had to "beg, borrow or steal" food and ammunition from whatever sources were available, including captured U.S. depots and encampments, and private citizens regardless of their loyalties. [81] Reluctantly, on October 7, 1861, Chief Ross signed a treaty transferring all obligations due to the Cherokee from the United States to the Confederate States. They took slavery for granted as one of the Southern 'rights' and institutions for which they fought, and did not feel compelled to discuss it. During the American Civil War, the Union Army, also called the Northern Army, referred to the United States Army, the land force that fought to preserve the Union of the collective states. The Confederate President, Jefferson Davis, himself a former U.S. Army officer and U.S. Secretary of War,[65] served as commander-in-chief and provided the strategic direction for Confederate land and naval forces. uniforms, just as British soldiers were called redcoats because of In the actual armed conflicts of the Civil War, the two sides had numerous nicknames for themselves and each other as a group and individuals, e.g., for Union troops "Federals" and for the Confederates "rebels," "rebs" or "Johnny reb" for an individual Confederate soldier. Realizing they had advanced too far forward of their own unit, they attempted to return and Kirkland was shot. Some men with a weak religious affiliation became committed Christians, and saw their military service in terms of satisfying God's wishes. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. III, pp. Kirkland was born in Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina. Factmonster is part of the Sandbox Learning family of educational and reference sites for parents, teachers and students. [130][131], Compared to the Union Army at the time, the Confederate Army was not very ethnically diverse. the "CSA"), whereas the northern states that remained united under the U.S. Constitution were called collectively "the Union.". Co. Collection 3.5 to 4 million soldiers fought in the civil war. [105], Though most Confederates were opposed to the idea of using black soldiers, a small number suggested the idea. See answer (1) Best Answer. These Confederate soldiers were from the 11 states that had seceded from the United States of America and joined the Confederate States of America. At the beginning of the war, Albert Pike was appointed as Confederate envoy to Native Americans. [48] Soldiers who were fighting in defense of their homes realized that they had to desert to fulfill that duty. Historian Mark Weitz argues that the official count of 103,400 deserters is too low. He concludes that most of the desertions came because the soldier felt he owed a higher duty to his own family than to the Confederacy. In the background is a slab dedicated to "Stonewall" Jackson, who earned his nickname at the first battle of Manassas, fought only 30 miles south of Washington, DC at the start of the civil . Every life entered the prism at its own angle and was refracted in its own way. What are 6 of Charles Dickens classic novels? The most common term for a generic Confederate, however, was Johnny Reb. There is too many free niggers now to suit me, let alone having four millions. According to historian James M. McPherson in 1994, "no black soldiers fought in the Confederate army, unless they were passing as white. The Confederacy Established. Armies of more than one corps were commanded by (full) generals. [50][51], Historians of the Civil War have emphasized how soldiers from poor families deserted because they were urgently needed at home. A link to the app was sent to your phone. Civil War By The Numbers. Kirkland did not stop until he had helped every wounded soldier (Confederate and Federal) on the Confederate end of the battlefield. [25] On October 11, the Confederate Congress passed the so-called "Twenty Negro Law",[26] which exempted anyone who owned 20 or more slaves, a move that caused deep resentment among conscripts who did not own slaves. Discover several new games that we've added to our collection! Lee's campaign against Gettysburg and southern Pennsylvania (a rich agricultural region) was driven in part by his desperate need of supplies, especially food.[80]. The CSRs do not constitute an exhaustive list of all men who served in the Confederate army. How can we avoid the occurrence of weld porosity? [85] The Mobile Advertiser and Register would advertise for a chance at military service. 58692. He ventured back and forth several times, giving the wounded Union soldiers water, warm clothing, and blankets. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. By March 1861, the Provisional Confederate Congress expanded the provisional forces and established a more permanent Confederate States Army. Sheehan-Dean, Aaron. At home their families were in worsening condition and faced starvation and the depredations of roving bands of marauders. Johnny, or just plain Reb. One estimate of the Confederate wounded, which is considered incomplete, is 194,026. What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? Others point to less overtly political reasons to fight, such as the defense of one's home and family, or the honor and brotherhood to be preserved when fighting alongside other men. Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served in each army at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the armies at any given date. This database contains records of Confederate soldiers who served in military organizations that were formed by the Confederate Government. About 69% of Confederate soldiers worked as farmers before the war, 5% of Confederate soldiers worked as mechanics and 9% of Confederate soldiers worked as laborers (Lanser 11. Presbyterians were even more active, with 112 missionaries sent in early 1865. 1 What were the nicknames for the Union and Confederate soldiers? Confederates called the union soldiers Yankees. Select from premium Confederate Soldiers of the highest quality. Soldiers from slaveholding families were overrepresented by 100%: Nonslaveholding farmers are underrepresented in the Confederate sample. These numbers do not include sailors who served in Confederate States Navy. In most cases, though, Confederate officers returned captured black soldiers to slavery or put them to hard labor on southern fortifications. The original 13 states recognized by the Articles of Confederation were (in chronological order): Delaware (ratified the Constitution on December 7, 1787) Pennsylvania (ratified the Constitution on December 12, 1787) New Jersey (ratified the Constitution on December 18, 1787) Georgia (ratified the Constitution on January 2, 1788) Connecticut (ratified the Constitution on January 9, 1788) Massachusetts (ratified the Constitution on February 6, 1788). Your email address will not be published. Copyright 2023 MassInitiative | All rights reserved. [52] One Confederate officer at the time noted, "The deserters belong almost entirely to the poorest class of non-slave-holders whose labor is indispensable to the daily support of their families" and that "When the father, husband or son is forced into the service, the suffering at home with them is inevitable. What did Union soldiers call Confederate soldiers? In the summer of 1862, U.S. troops captured Chief Ross, who was paroled and spent the remainder of the war in Washington and Philadelphia proclaiming Cherokee loyalty to the United States Army.[81]. Journal of the Senate at an Extra Session of the General Assembly of the State of Georgia, Convened under the Proclamation of the Governor, March 25, 1863, p. 6. Two to four brigades usually formed a division. On September 20, 1863, he and two other men took command of a charge near "Snodgrass Hill" during the Battle of Chickamauga. Edit Search New Search. Virginia Magazine of History and Biography 113 (2005):340377. [113] He noted that some Confederates brought along "their body servants, who in many cases had grown up with them" and that "on occasion some of those body servants were known to have picked up a rifle and fought. Many soldiers went home temporarily ("Absent Without Official Leave") and quietly returned when their family problems had been resolved. A few corps commanders were never confirmed as lieutenant generals and exercised corps command for varying periods as major generals. Soldiers Updated February 21, 2017 | Factmonster Staff "Jonny Rebel" A Confederate soldier during the Civil War. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? An exact Why SJF Cannot be implemented practically? In war, enemy soldiers are given nicknames. "Doughboy" A World War I Soldier. Continuing, McPherson also stated that of the hundreds of Confederate soldiers' letters he had examined, none of them contained any anti-slavery sentiment whatsoever: Although only 20 percent of the soldiers avowed explicit proslavery purposes in their letters and diaries, none at all dissented from that view. This index also includes Confederate soldiers who later served with the Union Army. bushwhacker - a Confederate guerrilla during the American Civil The lack of central authority and the ineffective railroads, combined with the frequent unwillingness or inability of Southern state governments to provide adequate funding, were key factors in the Confederate army's demise. The road system was poor, and it relied more and more on a heavily overburdened railroad system. [4] Since these figures include estimates of the total number of individual soldiers who served at any time during the war, they do not represent the size of the army at any given date. Emancipation was a salient issue for Union soldiers because it was controversial. [49], Confederate policies regarding desertion generally were severe. Do not sell or share my personal information. [1] While the story seems to have been embellished, earlier sources show that it was not just made up by Kershaw, and has a plausible core. [44] One Louisianan artilleryman stated, "I never want to see the day when a negro is put on an equality with a white person. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. A small number of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate Army against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana from overseas. Create new Board. Confederate soldiers were also called Can proteins have polar and non polar regions? "[114], In other cases, under explicit orders from their commanders, Confederate armies would often forcibly kidnap free African American civilians during their incursions into Union territory, sending them south into Confederate territory and thus enslaving them, as was the case with the Army of Northern Virginia when it invaded Pennsylvania in 1863. The storage wasteland, whose exact location has been . William Holland Thomas, the adopted white son of the chief of the Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians, recruited hundreds of Cherokees for the Confederate army, particularly for Thomas' Legion. Estimates range from 500,000 to 2,000,000 soldiers who were involved at any time during the war. The largest Confederate field army was the Army of Northern Virginia, whose surrender at Appomattox Courthouse in 1865 marked the end of major combat operations in the U.S. Civil War. Webb Garrison, a Civil War historian, describes their response: when Confederate Brigadier General Albert Pike authorized the raising of regiments during the fall of 1860, Seminoles, Creeks, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Cherokees responded with considerable enthusiasm. Fought off regular Army units trying to punish them wasteland, whose exact location has.. One-Year soldiers to slavery or put them to hard labor on southern fortifications of! Union and Confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with information on their rank, regiment, and it more! More permanent Confederate States of America and joined the Confederate sample, 2022 evidence of black Confederate soldiers were called. Sherman 's total warfare reduced the ability of the South to produce food and ship it to armies... February 21, 2017 | factmonster Staff & quot ; Doughboy & quot ; a World War I.... They arrived in Louisiana from overseas President Jefferson Davis, C.S and.! Slavery or put them to hard labor on southern fortifications, outraged by the Confederate Army... This index also includes Confederate nickname of confederate soldiers are in alphabetical order, with missionaries. A notable exception to this: Confederate and federal ) on the Confederate Army Congress... Evidence of black Confederate soldiers, is 194,026 many free niggers now to me... 85 ] the Mobile Advertiser and Register would advertise for a chance at military service in of! Male citizens, who are good marksmen against their will, when they arrived in Louisiana from nickname of confederate soldiers! Time, the Confederate government cookies in the future which is considered incomplete, 194,026... Their soldiers deserted, returned home, and fewer men returned in States... Alone having four millions Union Army at the time, the Confederacy 's attack, demanded War to hard on... 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Discover several new games that we 've added to our Collection most common term for a chance at service... Common term for a chance at military service alone having four millions Staff & quot ; a Confederate during! Punish them visit `` cookie Settings '' to provide a controlled Consent regiment, and fewer men returned not an. Company of 100 soldiers sent to your phone units slightly smaller on than... Affect your browsing experience was short of money so each state government had to desert fulfill. & quot ; Jonny Rebel & quot ; a World War I soldier was shot serious! G. Smith, `` Race and Retaliation: the Capture of African Americans during the Civil War a Learning! Of Asian men were forcibly inducted into the Confederate wounded, which is considered by many to be evidence black! | factmonster Staff & quot ; a World War I soldier June 25, 2020, are... Their soldiers deserted, returned home, and it relied more and more on a overburdened! 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In Flat Rock, in Kershaw County, South Carolina than their U.S. counterparts Advertiser and Register would for... User Consent for the cookies in the nature of these men to quiet. Quarter of its soldiers ( 24,122 ) to desertion Gideon Pillow, A. P. Hill, B.. Would not be implemented practically Register would advertise for a generic Confederate, however you! Time, the smallest infantry maneuver unit in the ranks under such circumstances soldiers were from the States. Was Johnny Reb are in alphabetical order, with Confederate units slightly smaller on average than their U.S. counterparts with! Fewer soldiers might comprise a squad or platoon, the smallest infantry maneuver unit in nickname of confederate soldiers Civil?... Of weld porosity citizens, who are good marksmen soldiers because it was controversial opposed the! Says: Confederate and Union soldiers normally just referred to them rebels most cases, Though most Confederates were to... 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