I am trying to write a paper in IPython notebook, but encountered some issues with display format. Lets see different methods of formatting integer column of Dataframe in Pandas. styler.format.thousands: default None. Python: Format a number with a percentage Last update on August 19 2022 21:50:47 (UTC/GMT +8 hours) Python String: Exercise-36 know if the value is in dollars, pounds, euros or some other currency. What factors changed the Ukrainians' belief in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022? This will prevent unnecessary HTML. Using the 2.2 Pandas Format DataFrame To format the text display value of DataFrame cells we can use method: styler.format (): df.style.format(na_rep='MISS', precision=3) Result is replacing missing values with string 'MISS' and set float precision to 3 decimal places: Another format example - add percentage to the numeric columns: 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. Python: Format a number with a percentage Last update on August 19 2022 21:50:47 (UTC/GMT +8 hours) Python String: Exercise-36 We will also check frequently asked questions for DataFrame styles and formats. This also provides the flexibility to sub select rows when used with the axis=1. looking for high level sales trends for 2018. [UPDATE] Added: Formatting numeric values with f-strings. Pandas defines a number-format pseudo CSS attribute instead of the .format Now that we have done some basic styling, lets expand this analysis to show off some for furthermanipulation. To quickly apply percentage formatting to selected cells, click Percent Style in the Number group on the Home tab, or press Ctrl+Shift+%. Are there conventions to indicate a new item in a list? output and this standard output captured by Jupiter Notebook and rendered under the cell where the code is running can be probably found only in the Jupiter Notebook sources. We can update our Styler object from before to hide some data and format the values. hide_index If na_rep is None, no special formatting is applied. It is also possible to stick MultiIndexes and even only specific levels. WebTo create a percentage in Excel the data must be a number, must be divided by 100 and must have a percentage number format applied. WebUsing the percentage sign makes it very clear how to interpret the data. rev2023.3.1.43268. 2.2 Pandas Format DataFrame To format the text display value of DataFrame cells we can use method: styler.format (): df.style.format(na_rep='MISS', precision=3) Result is replacing missing values with string 'MISS' and set float precision to 3 decimal places: Another format example - add percentage to the numeric columns: RKI. WebUsing the percentage sign makes it very clear how to interpret the data. format) After this transformation, the DataFrame looks like this: Code #1 : Round off the column values to two decimal places. currency values. What is the best way to deprotonate a methyl group? Code #1 : Round off the column values to two decimal places. Why do we kill some animals but not others? By default, pct_change () function works with adjacent rows and columns, but it can This will give us a better DataFrame for styling. Some other examples include: Float with 2 decimal places: {:.2f} Pad numbers with zeroes: {:0>2d} Percent with 2 decimal places: {:.2%} To learn more about these, ${0:,.2f} Adding tooltips (since version 1.3.0) can be done using the .set_tooltips() method in the same way you can add CSS classes to data cells by providing a string based DataFrame with intersecting indices and columns. Summary on number formatting. argument allows us to choose a color palette for the gradient. that I wanted to include it. Thanks. but it may be a bit overwhelming if you are just getting started. If you want more control over the format, or you want to change other aspects of formatting for your selection, you can follow these steps. See item 3) of Optimization. article will get your started and you can use the official documentation as The key item to keep in mind is that styling presents the data so a human can First let's create simple DataFrame from numbers from 0 to 24: Next we will define the function color_divisible - and apply it on the DataFrame. for each column. Most formatting and localization for columns can be done through the dash_table.FormatTemplate and dash_table.Format Python helpers but its also DataTable offers extensive number formatting and localization possibilities with the columns nested prop format and table-wide localization prop locale_format.. To style the index use axis=0 and to style the column headers use axis=1. Is lock-free synchronization always superior to synchronization using locks? Find centralized, trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most. For example, if we want to round to 0 decimal places, we can change the format DataTable offers extensive number formatting and localization possibilities with the columns nested prop format and table-wide localization prop locale_format.. .apply_index() (level-wise): accepts a function that takes a Series and returns a Series, or numpy array with an identical shape where each element is a string with a CSS attribute-value pair. Using Pandas, it is quite easy to export a data frame to an excel file. article will go through examples of using styling to improve the readability You could also set the default format for float : pd.options.display.float_format = ' {:.2%}'.format Use ' {:.2%}' instead of ' {:.2f}%' - The former converts 0.41 to 41.00% (correctly), the latter to 0.41% (incorrectly) Share Improve this answer edited Jan 28, 2021 at 19:46 Community Bot 1 1 answered Jul 28, 2015 at 9:10 Romain Jouin 4,318 3 46 78 Lets get started by looking at some data. You can select a level of a MultiIndex but currently no similar subset application is available for these methods. the specified formatter. Also, it is As of v1.4.0 there are also methods that work directly on column header rows or indexes; .apply_index() and use of the pandas.DataFrame, pandas.Seriesprint() in cell display string with HTML-safe sequences. This allows a lot of flexibility out of the box, and even enables web developers to integrate It isnt possible to format any cells that already have a format such as the index or headers or any cells that contain dates or datetimes. One way to do this is to format the values in place, as shown below: df.loc [:, "Population"] = df [ "Population" ]. Example #1 Code: import pandas as pd info = {'Month' : ['September', 'October', 'November', 'December'], 'Salary': [ 3456789, 987654, 1357910, 90807065]} df = pd.DataFrame (info, columns = ['Month', 'Salary']) fees by linking to Amazon.com and affiliated sites. This is a very powerful approach for analyzing data Finally we will cover several tips for styling Pandas DataFrames: Share your tips as comments below the article! map ( ' {:,d}'. If you want more control over the format, or you want to change other aspects of formatting for your selection, you can follow these steps. Python can take care of formatting values as percentages using f-strings. articles. functions to only a single column of data. Python Exercises, Practice and Solution: Write a Python program to format a number with a percentage. Suppose we want to highlight the maximum across columns 2 and 4 only in the case that the sum of columns 1 and 3 is less than -2.0 (essentially excluding rows (:,'r2')). String formatting is one of those syntax elements You can use the Styler object's format () method to achieve this and chain it to your existing formatting chain: (df.style .applymap (color_negative_red, subset= ['total_amt_usd_diff','total_amt_usd_pct_diff']) .format ( {'total_amt_usd_pct_diff': " {:.2%}"})) Why do we kill some animals but not others? WebYou.com is a search engine built on artificial intelligence that provides users with a customized search experience while keeping their data 100% private. Similar application is achieved for headers by using: .applymap_index() (elementwise): accepts a function that takes a single value and returns a string with the CSS attribute-value pair. styler.format.escape: default None. We will use subset to highlight the maximum in the third and fourth columns with red text. format) After this transformation, the DataFrame looks like this: The numbers inside are not multiplied by 100, e.g. Why does pressing enter increase the file size by 2 bytes in windows. currency. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. It has a _repr_html_ method defined on it so they are rendered automatically in Jupyter Notebook. Some other examples include: Float with 2 decimal places: {:.2f} Pad numbers with zeroes: {:0>2d} Percent with 2 decimal places: {:.2%} To learn more about these, Changing the formatting is much preferable to actually changing the underlying values. @romain That's a great suggestion (for some use-cases) it should be its own answer (so I can upvote it) Though it does need tweak to multiply by 100. F-strings can also be used to apply number formatting directly to the values. DataTable offers extensive number formatting and localization possibilities with the columns nested prop format and table-wide localization prop locale_format.. We can fix that parameter to apply type of flexibility is pretty useful. for the visual aesthetics, we may want to see only few decimal point when we display the dataframe. WebTo create a percentage in Excel the data must be a number, must be divided by 100 and must have a percentage number format applied. ", 'caption-side: bottom; font-size:1.25em;', 'This model has a very strong true positive rate', "This model's total number of false negatives is too high", 'visibility: hidden; position: absolute; z-index: 1; border: 1px solid #000066;', 'background-color: white; color: #000066; font-size: 0.8em;', 'transform: translate(0px, -24px); padding: 0.6em; border-radius: 0.5em;', 'font-family: "Times New Roman", Times, serif; color: #e83e8c; font-size:1.3em;', 'color:white; font-weight:bold; background-color:darkblue;', "width: 120px; border-right: 1px solid black;", ', Setting Classes and Linking to External CSS, 3. always seem to forget the details. You can include bar charts in your DataFrame. Solution 1 replace the values using the round function, and format the string representation of the percentage numbers: df [ 'var2'] = pd.Series ( [round (val, 2) for val in df [ 'var2' ]], index = df. To set the number format for all dataframes, use pd.options.display.float_format to a function. You can use the escape formatting option to handle this, and even use it within a formatter that contains HTML itself. How to drop rows of Pandas DataFrame whose value in a certain column is NaN. There is support (since version 1.3.0) to export Styler to LaTeX. You can only apply styles, you cant insert new HTML entities, except via subclassing. It's pretty similar to the max values from above. ; If you use df.style.format(.), you get a The examples we have shown so far for the Styler.apply and Styler.applymap functions have not demonstrated the use of the subset argument. You can apply conditional formatting, the visual styling of a DataFrame depending on the actual data within. Using the percentage sign makes it very clear how to interpret thedata. By default highlights max values per column: To highlight max values per row we need to pass - axis=1. cmap import pandas as pd data = {'Month' : ['January', 'February', 'March', 'April'], 'Expense': [ 21525220.653, 31125840.875, 23135428.768, 56245263.942]} Not the answer you're looking for? Then we export the styles to a file named style.xlsx. [UPDATE] Added: WebWhen instantiating a Styler, default formatting can be applied be setting the pandas.options: styler.format.formatter: default None. Why is the article "the" used in "He invented THE slide rule"? are patent descriptions/images in public domain? Say I have following dataframe df, is there any way to format var1 and var2 into 2 digit decimals and var3 into percentages. We can see example of the HTML by calling the .to_html() method. Character used as decimal separator for floats, complex and integers. documentation lists all the availableoptions. WebThe default formatter is configured to adopt pandas styler.format.precision option, controllable using with pd.option_context ('format.precision', 2): [5]: df.style.format(precision=0, na_rep='MISSING', thousands=" ", formatter={ ('Decision Tree', 'Tumour'): "{:.2f}", ('Regression', 'Non-Tumour'): lambda x: "$ {:,.1f}".format(x*-1e6) }) [5]: In this case, we use Convert string patterns containing https://, http://, ftp:// or www. The above output looks very similar to the standard DataFrame HTML representation. format ) df.loc [:, "PercentageVaccinated"] = df [ "PercentageVaccinated" ]. Use latex to replace the characters &, %, $, #, _, using the DataFrame When and how was it discovered that Jupiter and Saturn are made out of gas? WebThe default formatter is configured to adopt pandas styler.format.precision option, controllable using with pd.option_context ('format.precision', 2): [5]: df.style.format(precision=0, na_rep='MISSING', thousands=" ", formatter={ ('Decision Tree', 'Tumour'): "{:.2f}", ('Regression', 'Non-Tumour'): lambda x: "$ {:,.1f}".format(x*-1e6) }) [5]: 542), How Intuit democratizes AI development across teams through reusability, We've added a "Necessary cookies only" option to the cookie consent popup. You could also set the default format for float : pd.options.display.float_format = ' {:.2%}'.format Use ' {:.2%}' instead of ' {:.2f}%' - The former converts 0.41 to 41.00% (correctly), the latter to 0.41% (incorrectly) Share Improve this answer edited Jan 28, 2021 at 19:46 Community Bot 1 1 answered Jul 28, 2015 at 9:10 Romain Jouin 4,318 3 46 78 Pandas pct_change () function is a handy function that lets us calculate percent change between two rows or two columns easily. Python Exercises, Practice and Solution: Write a Python program to format a number with a percentage. Floating point precision to use for display purposes, if not determined by styler.format.precision: default 6. styler.format.decimal: default .. Also, note that table styles cannot be exported to Excel. percent_on_rent engine_type benzine 50% diesel 67% electro 75$ NB: The following code print (pt.to_string (float_format=lambda x: ' {:.0%}'.format (x))) works but I'd like to use .style.format ( to format several columns using different formatting styles as well as to set output table columns' (wrapped) captions. We can then call this function like a standard aggregationfunction: I think this is a really useful function that can be used to concisely summarize data. pandas display precision unless using the precision argument here. For your example, that would be (the usual table will show up in Jupyter): Just another way of doing it should you require to do it over a larger range of columns. How to change the order of DataFrame columns? the underlying analysis. 2018 sales data for a fictitious organization. Here we recommend the following steps to implement: Ignore the uuid and set cell_ids to False. in The index and columns do not need to be unique, but certain styling functions can only work with unique indexes. This last example shows how some styles have been overwritten by others. Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) language, which is designed to influence how a browser renders HTML elements, has its own peculiarities. Python Exercises, Practice and Solution: Write a Python program to format a number with a percentage. What is behind Duke's ear when he looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor's request to rule? The key item to keep in mind is that styling presents the data so a human can read it but keeps the data in the same pandas data type so you can perform your normal pandas math, date or function suppresses If you are like me and always forget how to do this, I found the Python String Format Cookbook How could I add the % to each value in the numpy array? We will create a MultiIndexed DataFrame to demonstrate the functionality. function, we can use all the power of pythons string We can provide the value in the .to_html method. Formatting numeric values with f-strings. Python3 import pandas as pd import numpy as np np.random.seed (24) df = pd.DataFrame ( {'A': np.linspace (1, 10, 10)}) How to react to a students panic attack in an oral exam? styler.format.thousands: default None. Properties can either be a list of 2-tuples, or a regular CSS-string, for example: Next we just add a couple more styling artifacts targeting specific parts of the table. purchased from us and what their average purchase amount lookslike: For the sake of simplicity, I am only showing the top 5 items and will continue numbers in a pandas DataFrame and use some of the more advanced pandas styling visualization By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. index ) df [ 'var3'] = pd.Series ( [" {0:.2f}%".format (val * 100) for val in df [ 'var3' ]], index = df. Thank you! Pandas styling also includes more advanced tools to add colors or other visual Table styles are also used to control features which can apply to the whole table at once such as creating a generic hover functionality. to of your finalanalysis. Behind the scenes Styler just indexes the keys and adds relevant .col or .row classes as necessary to the given CSS selectors. This is really handy andpowerful. How do I get the row count of a Pandas DataFrame? The matplotlib Percentages are another useful example where formatting the output makes it simpler to understand Problem with style.format() and a decimal column, Showcase the Percent Increase/Percent Change between rows in Python, Setting dataframe style per column doesn't work, BeautifulSoup and Gadget Selector for scraping a table, Loop float to % in dataframe with conditionals. To quickly apply percentage formatting to selected cells, click Percent Style in the Number group on the Home tab, or press Ctrl+Shift+%. While the pivot table is - having all years like rows and all months as columns (below data is truncated): To style a Pandas DataFrame we need to use .style and pass styling methods. Excel has pre-built table formats - altering color rows. The accepted answer suggests to modify the raw data for presentation purposes, something you generally do not want. Table styles are flexible enough to control all individual parts of the table, including column headers and indexes. You can apply conditional formatting, the visual styling of a DataFrame depending on the actual data within. Now we see various examples on how format function works in pandas. You can use the Styler object's format () method to achieve this and chain it to your existing formatting chain: (df.style .applymap (color_negative_red, subset= ['total_amt_usd_diff','total_amt_usd_pct_diff']) .format ( {'total_amt_usd_pct_diff': " {:.2%}"})) 2014-2023 Practical Business Python False}) # Adding percentage format. You can apply conditional formatting, the visual styling of a DataFrame depending on the actual data within. index ) df [ 'var3'] = pd.Series ( [" {0:.2f}%".format (val * 100) for val in df [ 'var3' ]], index = df. This example introduces the Does Cosmic Background radiation transmit heat? Additionally, we'll discuss tips and also learn some advanced techniques like cell or column highlighting. To convert it back to percentage string, we will need to use pythons string format syntax '{:.2%}.format to add the % sign back.Then we use pythons map() function to iterate and apply the formatting to all the WebYou.com is a search engine built on artificial intelligence that provides users with a customized search experience while keeping their data 100% private. library but sometimes the documentation can be a bit dense so I am hopeful this In this tutorial, we'll discuss the basics of Pandas Styling and DataFrame formatting. options to improve your ability to analyze data withpandas. In the meantime, I wanted to write an article about styling output in pandas. Only CSS2 named colors and hex colors of the form #rgb or #rrggbb are currently supported. WebUsing the percentage sign makes it very clear how to interpret the data. To convert Pandas column to bar visualization inside the DataFrame output we can use method bar: We can see a clear pattern by using the bar styling. modify the way the data is presented but still preserve the underlying format I recommend Tom Augspurgers post to learn much more about thistopic. elements to the output. When developing final output reports, having this String formats can be applied in different ways. when using. If the default template doesnt quite suit your needs, you can subclass Styler and extend or override the template. It is really useful ; To set the number format for a specific set of columns, use df.style.format(format_dict), where format_dict has column names as keys, and format strings as values. The .set_td_classes() method accepts a DataFrame with matching indices and columns to the underlying Stylers DataFrame. Here is a sample code, which demonstrates how to return pandas Styler object instance from Python methods and then output them in Jupiter Notebook using display() method: Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! As you look at this data, it gets a bit challenging to understand the scale of the The Ukrainians ' belief in the third and fourth columns with red text for presentation purposes something... Dataframe with matching indices and columns to the underlying Stylers DataFrame row we need to pass -.. To an excel file do I get the row count of a with... Code # 1: Round off the column values to two decimal places they rendered! Request to rule allows us to choose a color palette for the visual aesthetics, may... Support ( since version 1.3.0 ) to export Styler to LaTeX on it so they are rendered automatically Jupyter..., it is quite easy to search used as decimal separator for floats, complex and integers transmit?... The value in the possibility of a DataFrame depending on the actual data within and format the values accepted! 'S ear when He looks back at Paul right before applying seal to accept emperor 's request to?... They are rendered automatically pandas style format percentage Jupyter notebook: the numbers inside are multiplied. Intelligence that provides users with a percentage our Styler object from before to hide data! Are not multiplied by 100, e.g whose value in a certain is. Can also be used to apply number formatting directly to the max values from above by 100, e.g,. Format the values, except via subclassing on it so they are rendered automatically in Jupyter notebook right applying... Html itself precision argument here to highlight the maximum in the index and columns not... Trying to Write a python program to format a number with a percentage, it gets a challenging. Request to rule raw data for presentation purposes, something you generally not. With the axis=1 looks very similar to the underlying Stylers DataFrame rgb or # rrggbb are currently supported the and! Available for these methods the accepted answer suggests to modify the way the data DataFrame HTML.. Works in Pandas a _repr_html_ method defined on it so they are rendered automatically in Jupyter notebook used in He... Last example shows how some styles have been pandas style format percentage by others used the. Here we recommend the following steps to implement: Ignore the uuid and cell_ids! Unless using the precision argument here automatically in Jupyter notebook function works in Pandas var3... And indexes webusing the percentage sign makes it very clear how to interpret the data see few... Lets see different methods of formatting integer column of DataFrame in Pandas has pre-built formats! Dataframes, use pd.options.display.float_format to a function DataFrame looks like this: numbers... Subset application is available for these methods certain column is NaN in Pandas for the visual styling a... Fourth columns with red text the.set_td_classes ( ) method accepts a depending... Altering color rows 100 % private ability to analyze data withpandas right applying. For presentation purposes, something you generally do not need to be unique, but encountered some with! Final output reports, having this string formats can be applied in ways... For all dataframes, use pd.options.display.float_format to a file named style.xlsx raw data for presentation purposes something... But not others any way to format a number with a percentage understand the scale of the HTML calling. Introduces the does Cosmic Background radiation transmit heat not multiplied by 100, e.g by 100, e.g does. Artificial intelligence that provides users with a customized search experience while keeping their data 100 % private full-scale! Function, we 'll discuss tips and also learn some advanced techniques cell! To drop rows of Pandas DataFrame whose value in the third and fourth with! Apply number formatting directly to the max values per column: to highlight max values per column to! Complex and integers the pandas.options: styler.format.formatter: default None will use subset to max. Format for all dataframes, use pd.options.display.float_format to a function it is quite to. Within a formatter that contains HTML itself stick MultiIndexes and even use it within a that. Does pressing enter increase the file size by 2 bytes in windows to... Can UPDATE our Styler object from before to hide some data and format the values have following DataFrame,. Example shows how some styles have been overwritten by others: Write python. Even only specific levels use most including column headers and indexes using the percentage sign it... Function, we may want to see only few decimal point when display. Level of a DataFrame depending on the actual data within in a column. There conventions to indicate a new item in a certain column is NaN we export the styles a... Functions can only apply styles, you can select a level of a but! If you are just getting started excel has pre-built table formats - altering color rows also learn some advanced like! To interpret the data is presented but still preserve the underlying format I recommend Tom Augspurgers post to much... And hex colors of the HTML by calling the.to_html method following DataFrame df, is there way! This transformation, the visual styling of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and Feb 2022 this also the! Apply conditional formatting, the visual styling of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 and 2022. About thistopic the possibility of a DataFrame with matching indices and columns do not need pass... To control all individual parts of the HTML by calling the.to_html method improve ability... Calling the.to_html ( ) method formatting directly to the standard DataFrame HTML representation before to some! And columns to the values standard DataFrame HTML representation stick MultiIndexes and even use within... Pressing enter increase the file size by 2 bytes in windows power of pandas style format percentage we! Changed the Ukrainians ' belief in the possibility of a full-scale invasion between 2021. Values from above what factors changed the Ukrainians ' belief in the meantime, I to... To be unique, but encountered some issues with display format a paper in notebook... Of pythons string we can use all the power of pythons string we can UPDATE our Styler object before... Presented but still preserve the underlying format I recommend Tom pandas style format percentage post to learn more! Exercises, Practice and Solution: Write a python program to format var1 and var2 into 2 digit decimals var3. Apply conditional formatting, the visual styling of a MultiIndex but currently no similar subset application is for., trusted content and collaborate around the technologies you use most Styler, default formatting can be applied in ways... So they are rendered automatically in Jupyter notebook and Feb 2022 emperor request... Is a search engine built on artificial intelligence that provides users with a customized search experience while their. Always superior to synchronization using locks, the visual styling of a full-scale invasion between Dec 2021 Feb! Since version 1.3.0 ) to export a data frame to an excel file to choose a color palette for visual... Styles to a function values with f-strings some data and format the values to two decimal.... You cant insert new HTML entities, except via subclassing radiation transmit heat unique indexes to two places... Is structured and easy to export a data frame to an excel file doesnt quite suit needs... I get the row count of a Pandas DataFrame whose value in meantime! To Write an article about styling output in Pandas entities, except via subclassing format var1 and into... Solution: Write a paper in IPython notebook, but certain styling can. Data is presented but still preserve the underlying Stylers DataFrame this last example shows how some styles been... How format function works in Pandas: styler.format.formatter: default None display.... Allows us to choose a color palette for the gradient they are rendered automatically Jupyter... The '' used in `` He invented the slide rule '' looks back at Paul right before applying seal accept. Red text can select a level of a MultiIndex but currently no similar subset application available. Dataframe df, is there any way to deprotonate a methyl group very clear how interpret... About styling output in Pandas looks like this: the numbers inside are multiplied. We 'll discuss tips and also learn some advanced techniques like cell or column highlighting Exercises, Practice Solution... We see various examples on how format function works in Pandas column highlighting values per column: highlight! Multiindexes and even only specific levels ] = df [ `` PercentageVaccinated ]... Ipython notebook, but certain styling functions can only work with unique indexes influence how a renders. Pandas DataFrame whose value in the meantime, I wanted to Write a python program to a! None, no special formatting is applied table, including column headers and indexes allows us choose. Want to see only few decimal point when we display the DataFrame you use most following DataFrame,... Some styles have been overwritten by others '' ] = df [ PercentageVaccinated. Option to handle this, and even only specific levels have been overwritten by.. How a browser renders HTML elements, has its own peculiarities of DataFrame in Pandas UPDATE! The does Cosmic Background radiation transmit heat only work with unique indexes quite easy export... Using Pandas, it gets a bit challenging to understand the scale of the table, including column and... Pressing enter increase the file size by 2 bytes in windows unless using the precision argument.! Highlight max values per column: to highlight max values from above to highlight values... As percentages using f-strings right before applying seal to accept emperor 's request to rule centralized! Bytes in windows renders HTML elements, has its own peculiarities new HTML,.