You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Do not use anti-diarrhea medicine unless your doctor tells you to. Clindamycin topical is not approved for use by anyone younger than 12 years old. (2020). When serious side effects occur, they tend to affect people taking oral or injectable forms of clindamycin. Cold sores are caused by a virus, not bacteriawhich means they cannot be treated with antibiotics like Clindamycin. Clindamycin is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body. Can I Double my Valtrex Dosage for Cold Sores? Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Clindamycin does pass into breast milk and may cause side effects in the nursing baby. Call your doctor if your symptoms do not improve, or if they get worse. Learn about side effects, interactions, warnings, dosage. CDAD is a severe and life threatening infection. If you have diarrhea that is watery or bloody, stop using this medicine and call your doctor. Thank you for reading, and stay safe! If administered long-term, monitor liver and renal function and blood counts regularly. Clindamycin and sodium chloride Intravenous, https://www.drugs.com/pro/clindamycin-capsules.html. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. Any use of this site constitutes your agreement to the Terms and Conditions and Privacy Policy linked below. Use the missed dose as soon as you remember. Dosage forms: topical foam (1%); topical gel (1%); topical kit (1%); topical lotion (1%); topical solution (1%); topical swab (1%) Historically, anesthesiologists have worried that clindamycin could delay the effectiveness of neuromuscular blocking agents through surgeries. What antibiotics are used for cold sores? This is to lower the risk of colitis, which is inflammation of the colons inner lining. Clindamycin topical (for the skin) is used to treat severe acne in adults and children who are at least 12 years old. Copyright 2023 IBM Watson Health. Always consult your healthcare provider to ensure the information displayed on this page applies to your personal circumstances. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Clindamycin can alter the bacterial composition of the colon and cause an overgrowth of the Clostridium difficile bacterium. WebClindamycin is an antibiotic used for treating several infections. Potential Side Effects of Using Clindamycin for Cold Sores. These are: Depending on the type of infection and the dosage of clindamycin, the drug can either kill or stop the growth of bacteria. It has a bacteriostatic effect which means it stops bacteria from reproducing but doesn't necessarily kill them. Brand names: Cleocin HCl, Cleocin Pediatric, Cleocin Phosphate, Cleocin Phosphate ADD-Vantage, Clindesse, ClindaMax Vaginal One of the most common conditions that can be affected by the virus is cold sores. Clindamycin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which inhibits bacterial growth. Clindamycin needs to be administered every six hours. Doctors prescribe clindamycin lotions, gels, and solutions to treat acne. the unsubscribe link in the e-mail. Pregnant people should not use clindamycin vaginal suppositories. Purple vegetables and tubers may have superior anti-diabetic properties. Note that resistance to azithromycin and clarithromycin has been reported. Medically reviewed by Kaci Durbin, MD. Continue reading, Clindamycin is a strong broad-spectrum antibiotic, typically prescribed for serious infections, such as life-threatening methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) skin infections. Version: 12.01. What are the advantages of craft scissors? If you need surgery, let your surgeon know you use clindamycin as it may interact with certain drugs used for anesthesia. Furniture, Credit For Schools, NHS and Government Funded Report any instances of severe or persistent diarrhea, occurring either during clindamycin administration or within a few months following discontinuation to your doctor. Can clindamycin treat a UTI infection that the culture came back shows e-coli? Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Ending the Opioid Crisis - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Do You Have a Cold Sore or Something Else? Additionally, products containing lysine and vitamin C may help reduce the duration of a cold sore outbreak if taken internally. There are four forms of clindamycin: injectable, intravaginal, oral, and topical. Common side effects of clindamycin topical may include: burning, itching, dryness, peeling or redness of treated skin; or. WebSuggestions to help manage cold sores: Use over-the-counter creams and ointments: These remedies can help shorten the healing time and ease your symptoms. It is also important to avoid touching your eyes, nose, or mouth while around other peoplethe virus can enter the body through mucous membranes in these areas of the body and cause infection. Clindamycin topical may cause serious side effects. Clindamycin injection may contain an ingredient that can cause serious side effects or death in very young or premature babies. Recommended dose: Apply a thin film to the affected area(s) 2 times a dayComment:-More than 1 pledget may be used at the same time (e.g., larger surface areas).Use:-Treatment of acne vulgaris. Topical clindamycin is a common treatment option for acne and bacterial infections in the vagina. It needs to be treated with antiviral medicines like acyclovir. Injectable clindamycin contains 9.45mg of benzyl alcohol, which may be toxic to children in large amounts and cause a potentially fatal "gasping syndrome"). Clindamycin injection is injected into a muscle, or as an infusion into a vein. They are most effective when you use them as soon as you feel a cold sore coming on. Doctors should only prescribe clindamycin to people who have allergies to penicillin or if they suspect that a different antibiotic would be inappropriate for that person. Additionally, regular physical activity can increase your immunity as well. The form and dosage of clindamycin that a doctor prescribes will depend on the infection a person has. Common medications that may interact with clindamycin include: Clindamycin is a substrate of CYP3A4 and to a lesser extent, CYP3A5. Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. | Reception Furniture | Whiteboards. This list is not complete. However, they can also arise in people using topical forms. This includes brushing and flossing your teeth twice a day, using a tongue scraper to remove bacteria and debris from your tongue, and rinsing your mouth with a fluoride rinse. Quote. Check with your doctor immediately if any of the following side effects occur: Other side effects not listed may also occur in some patients. Apply the medicine as soon as you can, but skip the missed dose if it is almost time for your next dose. More, We Guarantee Our Prices Are Unbeatable and Will Beat Any Like for Like You may need to stop for a short time. Prescription medications such as topical acyclovir or oral valacyclovir may also be prescribed by a physician to treat severe cases of cold sores that dont respond to over-the-counter treatments. Cold sores are Herpes Simplex Virus-induced blisters that appear around the mouth area. This will help eliminate germs that could cause cold sores due to contact with infected surfaces. The oral capsule should not be given to children who are unable to swallow capsules; use the oral solution instead. Another way to protect yourself from cold sores is to stay away from crowds. birth control treatments, such as estradiol, levonorgestrel, bowel cleansing agents such as sodium picosulfate, CYP3A4 inducers, such as erythromycin, diltiazem, itraconazole, ritonavir, or verapamil, neuromuscular blocking agents, such as atracurium or vecuronium. A pregnant person requires 7 days of treatment. Clindamycin is an antibiotic drug. However, some people do report abdominal disturbances. no breathing. What are the important side effects of Cleocin (clindamycin)?nausea,vomiting,metallic taste,itchinglow blood pressure,rash, anditching. This includes washing your hands frequently with soap and What is clindamycin used for? Years Furniture | Educational School Furniture | Noticeboards | Office Furniture These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Sometimes, people experience severe diarrhea when taking clindamycin. Symptoms of bronchitis can last around three weeks after an initial cold. Why can't you lay down after taking clindamycin? This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Generic name: clindamycin (oral/injection) [klin-da-MYE-sin] A doctor may prescribe clindamycin in the form of oral capsules or dissolvable granules for: A doctor may prescribe intravenous or injectible clindamycin for serious infections, such as: A doctor may prescribe clindamycin for children as an oral solution to treat: A dermatologist may prescribe clindamycin in the form of a gel, solution, or lotion to treat acne. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. Researchers have yet to confirm the safety of suppositories during pregnancy. Clindamycin phosphate - clindamycin phosphate solution. Let your doctor know if you are breastfeeding before taking clindamycin. What type of food is best to eat after or before you take clindamycin. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. What does it mean that the Bible was divinely inspired? topical clindamycin and C-diff? If you are between the ages of 18 and 60, take no other medication or have no other medical conditions, side effects you are more likely to experience include: Note: In general, seniors or children, people with certain medical conditions (such as liver or kidney problems, heart disease, diabetes, seizures) or people who take other medications are more at risk of developing a wider range of side effects. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Antiviral medications can help reduce the length of an outbreak and lessen symptom severity. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Abdominal or stomach cramps, pain, or tenderness, blistering, peeling, or loosening of the skin, diarrhea, watery and severe, which may also be bloody, dizziness, faintness, or lightheadedness when getting up suddenly from a lying or sitting position, puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue, rash with flat lesions or small raised lesions on the skin, red skin lesions, often with a purple center, sores, ulcers, or white spots in the mouth or on the lips, thick, white vaginal discharge with no odor or with a mild odor. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Rarely, a person may develop colitis from using a vaginal clindamycin product. Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. lower back or side pain. Is the ketogenic diet right for autoimmune conditions? It works to treat bacterial infections when penicillin is not an option. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Clindamycin will not treat a viral infection such as the common cold or flu. Clindamycin systemic 300 mg (RX693 RX693). How to Cope with Cold Sores During Chemotherapy. Continue reading, No, clindamycin is not a penicillin antibiotic. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. For more severe infections, 300 to 450 mg every 6 hours. Revised 02/2022. (2020). Anti-inflammatory medications Canker sores can be painful and even make it difficult to chew properly. Certain drugs can affect the functioning of CYP3A4. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. No. Clindamycin (Cleocin) is an antibiotic that works against infections caused by bacteria only. The common cold and flu are viral infections, so clindamycin (Cleocin) won't help treat these infections. Taking this medication for viral infections will lead to side effects and cause clindamycin (Cleocin) to not work as well for future infections. Cipro, which is used to treat bacterial infections, can cause side effects. If you experience any of these symptoms after taking Clindamycin for your cold sore(s), contact your doctor immediately! Ways to Reduce Your Risk of Getting Cold Sores with COVID-19? Do not give this medicine to a child without medical advice. If you apply clindamycin foam to your chest, avoid areas that may come into contact with the baby's mouth. Doctors should monitor any increase in adverse effects. A person can apply Clindagel 1% once daily to the affected area when acne appears. Rarely, may cause severe hypersensitivity reactions and anaphylaxis. Do not use other medicated skin products unless your doctor has told you to. People with a history of colitis should not use clindamycin creams or suppositories. Choose if you have a discount code or reward points you want to use or would Advertising revenue supports our not-for-profit mission. Store at room temperature away from moisture and heat. No, clindamycin won't help treat a herpes outbreak, which is a viral infection. The first step in reducing your risk of getting cold sores with COVID-19 is to maintain good hygiene habits. Additionally, avoiding touching surfaces and objects with your hands helps prevent you from transferring any potential virus particles onto yourself. Do not use clindamycin at the same time as the antibiotic, erythromycin. include protected health information. privacy practices. For people who have difficulty swallowing, clindamycin comes in granules that dissolve in water. Stop using clindamycin topical and call your doctor at once if you have: severe redness, itching, or dryness of treated skin areas; or. If a person develops CDAD while taking clindamycin, the doctor will immediately stop their treatment with the antibiotic. Portions of this document last updated: Feb. 01, 2023. You should not use clindamycin topical if you are allergic to clindamycin or lincomycin, or if you have: inflammation of your intestines (also called enteritis); if you have ever had severe diarrhea caused by antibiotic medicine. It is not known whether this medicine will harm an unborn baby. Last updated on Jul 22, 2022. The first step in reducing your risk of getting cold sores with COVID-19 is to maintain good hygiene habits. Clindamycin is used to treat serious infections caused by bacteria. Clindamycin is an effective antibiotic for a variety of serious infections. Are You Married to Someone with Cold Sores? Cold sores and canker sores are not the same. Take exactly as directed and for the duration intended. MNT is the registered trade mark of Healthline Media. Although dosage reductions are not specifically recommended, liver and kidney function should be monitored. Anyone who has had colitis should avoid using this treatment. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. By following the tips outlined in this article, you can help protect yourself and others from getting cold sores with COVID-19. There are a few herbs that have been found to be effective at treating cold sores when applied topically or taken orally in supplement form. All rights reserved. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Additionally, products containing docosanol (Abreva) can help reduce the duration of a cold sore outbreak if used within 48 hours of noticing symptoms. Other drugs may interact with clindamycin, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. If we combine this information with your protected If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Depending on the infection and the persons history of allergies and side effects from antibiotics, a doctor may choose another class of antibiotics instead. If prescribed: Clinda is a potent antibiotic and usually effective for throat Available for Android and iOS devices. To effectively sanitize these surfaces, use a disinfectant spray or wipes containing at least 70% alcohol or bleach solution. There is a problem with Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Children weighing 10 kilograms (kg) or moreDose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. Sign up for free, and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips and current health topics, like COVID-19, plus expertise on managing health. UK Supplier of Cafe Furniture | Canteen Furniture | Classroom Furniture | Antibiotic medicines can cause diarrhea, which may be a sign of a new infection. WebAntiviral Medications: These can be taken orally or applied directly on cold sores. Do not smoke while using clindamycin topical foam, or immediately after applying it. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Doctors also use clindamycin to treat infections in people with penicillin allergies. Clindamycin works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis, which inhibits bacterial growth. Avoiding large gatherings will help limit your exposure to HSV-1 and lower your risk of catching a cold sore. Not all possible drug interactions are listed here. WebAntibiotics are often thought of as a common cold sore cure. Find out today why so many people trust us to provide their Classroom Version: 10.01. doxycycline, metronidazole, metronidazole topical, clindamycin, erythromycin topical, tetracycline, isotretinoin, Cleocin, tinidazole, benzoyl peroxide topical. Cleocin - clindamycin phosphate suppository. Before using clindamycin, tell your doctor if you have kidney disease, liver disease, an intestinal disorder such as colitis or Crohn's disease, or a history of asthma, eczema, or allergic skin reaction. This includes washing your hands frequently with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, avoiding touching your face, and covering coughs and sneezes with your elbow or with a tissue. Commercial Furniture | Contract Furniture | Conference Room Furniture | Early Take clindamycin exactly as prescribed by your doctor. no pulse or blood pressure. Usually reserved for the treatment of serious infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria, such as those occurring in the abdomen, gastrointestinal tract, lower respiratory tract, on the skin, and in the genitourinary area. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Topical or oral numbing medicines, which can be purchased in stores, can help with discomfort. Some strengths (eg, 150mg capsules) contain FD & C Yellow No. It works by slowing or stopping the growth of bacteria. The best (first-line) antibiotics for tooth infection include: Amoxicillin, Penicillin, Cephalexin, Clindamycin, Azithromycin. Can I Double my Valtrex Dosage for Cold Sores? Clindamycin is usually given in the oral form, but for severe teeth infections, antibiotics in intravenous form work best. Pregnant people in their second and third trimesters can use the lotion. If a person has a very serious infection and cannot take other antibiotics, they may receive injectable clindamycin at the hospital. To provide you with the most relevant and helpful information, and understand which As the cold sore resolves itself, keep your lips moist to prevent bleeding, which also aids in the healing at this stage. However, there are many possible side effects of clindamycin. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Available as an oral capsule, oral solution, and parenterally (may be administered IM or by intermittent or continuous infusion). Stimulating the function of this enzyme can cause a decrease in levels of clindamycin. Lets find out if you can use clindamycin for cold sores. One of the most common side effects of many antibiotics is diarrhea. Get emergency medical help if you have any signs of an allergic reaction to clindamycin: (hives, difficult breathing, swelling in your face or throat) or a severe skin reaction (fever, sore throat, burning in your eyes, skin pain, red or purple skin rash that spreads and causes blistering and peeling). Furniture, Office Desks, Office Chairs, Reception Chairs, Exam Desks, Postura Rubbing alcohol and hydrogen peroxide may help dry out the sore and speed up healing. Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. A person with acne can apply a thin layer of Cleocin T 1% lotion or clindamycin 1% solution to the affected area of skin twice per day. Best Answer Copy Clindamycin won't work for cold sores. (2021). Topical clindamycin can help treat bacterial infections in the vagina. Thank you for reading! For serious anaerobic infections, the parenteral route is usually used initially but should be switched to the oral route as soon as the patient's condition allows. Some other possible side effects of oral or injectable clindamycin include: People using a clindamycin solution or lotion for acne may report skin-related side effects, including: For example, when an individual uses Clindagel for acne, the most common side effects are itchiness and skin peeling. Clindamycin will not treat a viral infection such as the flu or a common cold. However, you may visit "Cookie Settings" to provide a controlled consent. Measure liquid medicine carefully. Can clindamycin be used to treat chlamydia? When a person is taking CYP3A4 stimulants along with clindamycin, doctors must follow up and make sure that the antibiotic is working. Overdose symptoms include bloody or watery diarrhea, which may result if you absorb clindamycin topical through your skin by applying too much. You can also check our article on How Can You Reduce Your Risk of Getting Cold Sores with COVID-19? At the first sign of symptoms, apply it to the affected skin as directed on the package. Honey and cinnamon have both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, making them an effective home remedy for cold sores. Eating nutritious fruits and vegetables can help boost your immune system so that it is better equipped to fight off viruses like HSV-1. Dentists also use clindamycin as a preventive treatment for endocarditis, which is an infection of the hearts lining that can occur after a dental procedure in people who are at risk. Cold sores are an uncomfortable, unsightly problem that many people struggle with. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". What is CAGR of Nerve Repair And Regeneration Devices Market? Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. You may report side effects to the FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. Select one or more newsletters to continue. what makes muscle tissue different from other tissues? This helps reduce the resistance that bacteria can develop to clindamycin. Clindamycin hydrochloride - clindamycin hydrochloride capsule. Its been approved for use as a herpes treatment since 1995 and has a consistent safety record. How did the world community respond to genocides after World War II? Clindamycin is an antibiotic medication commonly used to treat bacterial infections, including skin infections such as acne and cellulitis. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Last medically reviewed on November 12, 2021, Amoxicillin is a prescription drug for short-term treatment of certain bacterial infections. Youre best to let it dry out to the point where it is no longer painful, and then begin applying cream or lip balm to minimize splitting. Cleocin - clindamycin phosphate cream. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. WebClindamycin can it get you high For oral dosage forms (capsules and solution): For treatment of bacterial infections: Adults150 to 300 milligrams (mg) every 6 hours. In addition to pharmaceutical treatments, you may find some relief through home remedies such as applying ice directly on the sore or using a warm compress. Some popular choices include lemon balm extract, echinacea extract, licorice root extract, aloe vera gel, propolis tincture, chaparral tincture, bergamot essential oil, or chamomile essential oil. Cleocin T - clindamycin phosphate solution; Cleotin T - clindamycin phosphate lotion; Cleotin T - clindamycin phosphate gel. Clindamycin and sodium chloride Intravenous. In summary, although Clindamycin is not typically recommended as a treatment option for cold sores due to its inability to target viral infections like HSV-1 or HSV-2, some doctors may prescribe it in cases where both a bacterial infection and cold sore coexist together within one person. Keep the clindamycin topical foam canister away from an open flame or high heat. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. People should stop using it, however, if it causes more pain or irritation. What 4-way golf bags have full-length dividers fastened along all 4 edges, not just top and bottom? Clindamycin is used to treat bacterial infections and acne. Clindamycin may also be used for An interaction between two medications does not always mean that you must stop taking one of the medications; however, sometimes it does. CYP3A4 or 3A5 may decrease plasma concetrations of clindamycin. Available for Android and iOS devices. Clindamycin is an antibiotic that may be used to treat a wide range of infections including those involving gram-positive and anaerobic bacteria (anaerobic means living without air). Take clindamycin for the full prescribed length of time. Clindamycin - clindamycin phosphate injection, solution. To use a suppository, a person can insert one suppository pill which is equivalent to 100 mg of clindamycin into the vagina once daily at bedtime for 3 consecutive nights. If you have diarrhea that is watery or bloody, stop using clindamycin and call your doctor. 2004-2023 Healthline Media UK Ltd, Brighton, UK, a Red Ventures Company. Cleocin vaginal cream is safe for pregnant people to use in the second and third trimesters. Facts About Cold Sores That May Surprise You. Continue reading, Penicillin or amoxicillin are considered the best first-line treatments for Strep throat. Topical clindamycin can cause diarrhea. Cold sores are painful, open blisters that develop in or around your mouth, usually on your lips. Common clindamycin side effects may include: This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Its possible for anesthetics to cause allergic reactions and other side effects like itching or hives. This material is provided for educational purposes only and is not intended for medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Not suitable for the treatment of meningitis because it does not reach high enough concentrations in the cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid around the brain and spinal cord). Seek emergency medical attention or call the Poison Help line at 1-800-222-1222. You may need frequent medical tests during treatment. Be cautious when using in patients with kidney or liver disease. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". This article looks at some uses, dosages, and symptoms of clindamycin. People with a history of colitis should avoid taking clindamycin because it could damage their health. Use the dosing syringe provided, or use a medicine dose-measuring device (not a kitchen spoon). information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of The risk of C. difficile-associated diarrhea may be higher with clindamycin compared with some other antibiotics. There are several antibiotics that kill the common mouth bacteria that cause tooth infections. Medically reviewed by Drugs.com on Jan 3, 2023. Continue reading, Cleocin, Cleocin Pediatric, Cleocin HCl, Cleocin Phosphate. Types, dosage, and side effects Doctors use clindamycin to treat a variety of bacterial infections. are not indicated to reduce duration of symptoms. The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own personal medication records. To use this remedy, mix 1 Good oral hygiene is also important for reducing your risk of getting cold sores. The over-the-counter cold sore ointment docosanol (Abreva) may shorten the healing time of a cold sore. Along with its needed effects, a medicine may cause some unwanted effects. 5 (tartrazine) which may cause allergic reactions; people with an aspirin sensitivity may be more at risk.