D. their members are too wealthy to join the group for the collective benefit, Which of these is an example of an economic interest group? Party identification is more stable at both the aggregate and the individual level than most recent scholarship has suggested. C. the group can divide costs to each person for providing the good D. the growth in power of national political party committees, Following the stricter rules on gifts and travel established by the 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act, over the past decade Congress has ______. There has been little change in the partisan leanings of men and women Baby Boomers in recent years. C. limited incentives problem Identify and enable future-ready leaders who can inspire exceptional performance. B. it ensured an army of supporters and workers for elections Read our research on: Congress | Economy | Black Americans. trade, Lobbyists seem to employ direct lobbying strategies most often when trying to These results are based on aggregated data from 2022 Gallup surveys to date, encompassing more than 6,000 interviews with U.S. adults and at least 500 in each generation. For results based on the total sample of 1,511 Generation X adults, the margin of sampling error is 3 percentage points at the 95% confidence level. C. Americans are increasingly devoted to those two main parties Among men, a larger share of independent voters and voters who dont align with either major party lean toward the GOP than the Democratic Party, while the balance of partisan leaning among women who identify as independents runs in the opposite direction. For instance, 57% of Silent Generation men identify with or lean toward the GOP, compared with 48% of Silent women. Public interest groups are groups that organize to influence government to produce Put another way, in 1994 white voters with postgraduate experience were 12 points more likely than whites with a college degree to associate with the Democratic Party; today that gap remains about the same (11 points). \text{64,000} &\underline{\underline{\$\hspace{14pt}\text{8.00}}}\\ A. party activists who work at banks C. resort to political violence more readily The system in which successful party candidates reward supporters with jobs or favors is called the spoils system. And Gen X women are now almost as likely as Millennial women to associate with the Democratic Party (57% to 60%). A. C. George Washington A. conservatives A. evangelical Protestants, suburbanites, and small business owners C. bosses August 18, 2022 The size of the majority associating with the Democratic Party tends to be larger among older nonwhite generations than younger ones: 78% of Silents, 70% of Baby Boomers, 66% of Gen Xers and 64% of Millennials identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party. The GOP now enjoys a two-to-one advantage over the Democratic Party among white voters with no more than a high school diploma (62% to 31%). The differences are especially pronounced between older Cubans who fled their country in the first two decades . And theres been a modest increase in the share of all voters with some college experience but no four-year degree (from 27% t0 33%). Partisanship has become increasingly tied to religious identification over the past quarter century. Numbers, Facts and Trends Shaping Your World, 1. Among white Millennial voters, the Democratic Party holds a narrow 48% to 45% advantage in leaned party identification. Both groups are far more Democratic in their partisan preferences than in 1994, though the movement toward the Democratic Party has been slightly greater among women than men. However, over the past few years the Democratic Party has lost some ground among Millennials, even as it has improved its standing among the oldest cohort of adults, the Silent Generation. members of a major party B. a dangerous version of factions The trends to date for Generation X and millennials do not preclude their showing declining political independence as they continue to age. The balance of leaned partisan identification among Gen X voters has been relatively consistent over the past several years. Millennials have been more likely to identify as Democrats than Republicans over the past 20 years, but fewer align with either party than did 10 and 20 years ago. D. party bosses, Party activists ______. B. the majority of Americans are single-issue voters C. most American voters are moderates D. the majority of Americans belong to hyperpartisan interest groups. The Republican Party holds an advantage among white voters in older generations. C. middle-class, Catholic, minority, and urban voters D. communitarians, In recent decades, the Democratic Party has become more liberal and the Republican Party more conservative. After passage of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA) in 200220022002, groups including the Democratic Party of California, the National Rifle Association, and individuals, including Mitch McConnell who was at the time the Senate Majority Whip, brought a case against the Federal Election Commission arguing that the provisions of BCRA violated constitutional protections of free speech. (+1) 202-419-4300 | Main of a major party, The rapid emergence of the New Deal coalition around the time of the 1932 election Members of Generation Z who have reached adulthood match millennials in the percentage of political independents, at 52%. D. party candidates themselves, The third-party candidate who likely impeded George H. W. Bush's reelection bid in D. have the sympathy of the public, Astroturf lobbying refers to ______. convention and its presidential candidate seeks to enact is called the party ______. Republican gains among those without a college degree are especially visible among white voters. Millennial women voters are 10 points less likely to identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party than they were in 2017. B. control top party positions and can impose their will on the grassroots members (+1) 202-857-8562 | Fax Millennial men have edged toward the GOP in recent years, but the shift in their leaned partisanship has been much smaller than among Millennial women. In 1994, 61% of white evangelical Protestant voters leaned toward or identified with the Republican Party, while 31% leaned toward or identified with the Democratic Party. Mormon voters are now about as likely to identify as independent (41%) as they are to identify as Republican (45%). D. Ralph Nader, The statement that third parties are irrelevant in modern-day politics is ______. Millennials remain more likely than those in older generations to call themselves independents (44% vs. 39% of Gen Xers, 32% of Boomers and 27% of Silents); still, the roughly two-to-one Democratic advantage among Millennials is apparent both in straight and leaned partisan affiliation. Millennials, born between 1981 and 1996 and aged 26 to 41 today, have become increasingly independent since 2002, when the oldest members of the generation were first turning 18. While black voters remain solidly Democratic, identification with the Democratic Party has declined modestly in recent years: About two-thirds of African Americans have identified as Democrats in the last several years, down slightly from the first half of Barack Obamas presidency, when about three-quarters affiliated with the Democratic Party. Modern political parties have two fundamental activities, ______. Among voters with a college degree, white men are 17 points more likely than white women to identify with or lean toward the GOP. A. neither is large enough to allow either party to win general elections with it solely In 2017, 59% of white voters with at least some additional education beyond a four-year degree identified as Democrats or leaned Democratic, while 37% identified with or leaned toward the Republican Party; as recently as 2015 that balance was slightly narrower (52% to 41%). While the Democratic Party still holds a wide 60% to 31% advantage among this group, its significantly smaller than it was in 2017 (70% to 23%), which was a high-water mark for the party among this group. For example, in 2015, Democrats had a fairly modest 3-point registration edge among 18 . D. partisan epochs, Realignment refers to a ______. The most notable changes in recent decades are that the Silent Generation has become increasingly Republican and less independent, while independent identification among Generation X and millennials has held steady or increased, compared with when the groups first entered adulthood. Democratic Party identification is more uniform across the five generational groupings, ranging between 27% and 35%. At the same time, the GOP now runs about even with the Democratic Party among voters without a college degree after trailing among this group at the end of the George W. Bush administration. A. zealots Roughly two-thirds of Hispanic Catholics (68%) identify with or lean toward the Democratic Party. B. the Republicans have been the more liberal of the two main political parties B. are much less likely to belong to interest groups than are citizens of other nations Members of the Silent Generation were born between 1928 and 1945 and, therefore, are primarily between the ages of 77 and 94 today. While there are racial and ethnic differences in the makeup of rural, suburban and urban areas, this overall pattern of geographic divergence is also seen among whites. The broader trends in leaned party affiliation by gender and education can be seen among white voters. A. two-party system Hispanic Catholics, who represent a growing share of the Catholic population in the U.S., are substantially more Democratic in their orientation (64% of Hispanic Catholic voters affiliate with or lean to the Democratic Party, 27% to the GOP). C. liberals Learn how to improve your students development and engagement so they can thrive in and out of the classroom. B. union members, urbanites, and ethnic and religious minorities A. bureaucracy Modern-day national party nominating conventions are generally ______. The data also reveal that each younger generation has had a greater proportion of independents throughout their lives than the prior generation did, even at similar stages in their life. Among rural whites, the GOP enjoyed a roughly 10-percentage-point advantage throughout much of the 2000s; the GOP advantage among rural white voters is now 24 percentage points (58% to 34%). A. Americans resist party efforts to become more centralized. Generation X, whose members were born between 1965 and 1980 and are aged 42 to 57 today, has a higher proportion of independents than preceding generations and, unlike those generations, that percentage has not shrunk over time. By more than two-to-one (63% to 28%), Hispanic voters are more likely to affiliate with or lean toward the Democratic Party than the GOP. Both groups have experienced similar shifts toward the Democratic Party over the past 25 years. an agreement in the public interest is often labeled political ______. There are no trend data for Generation Z because no one in that generation had reached adulthood until 2015. Over the past 25 years, theres been a fundamental shift in the relationship between level of educational attainment and partisanship. Voters in urban counties have long aligned more with the Democratic Party than the Republican Party, and this Democratic advantage has grown over time. The partisan breakdown of men is relatively unchanged over this period. C. political action committees \text{Sales (8,000 units)}\hspace{5pt} \ &\ Across all generations, nonwhite voters are overwhelmingly Democratic in their leanings, while whites are more divided. that Americans had an unusual propensity to ______. A. it is easier to hire local people as lobbyists D. both the Republicans and the Democrats have remained unchanged, Since the 1960s, ______. clubs and associations because interest groups ______. characteristic of ______ parties. \underline{\underline{\$\hspace{18pt}\text{8,000}}}\\\\ ______. The majority of millennials, 52%, are independent, and that percentage has increased by five percentage points in each of the past two decades. D. upper-class voters, evangelicals, and ethnic minorities, The list of policy positions an American party officially endorses at its nominating In recent decades, party identification among American voters has ______. B. electioneering Currently, 44% of Generation X identifies as political independents, which is unchanged from three decades ago, when the first part of the generation was entering adulthood. C. primary Public interest groups ______. D. growth of Democratic influence with liberals in the Pacific Northwest, One consequence of the realignment of the past several decades has been that who represent a growing share of the Catholic population in the U.S. Next: 2. C. more sharply defined than those in parliamentary democracies In recent decades, party identification among American voters has _____. These shifts in partisan preferences have taken place as the educational makeup of all registered voters has undergone change. By Morley Winograd, Michael Hais, and Doug Ross Political scientists and forward-looking politicians have been debating the ultimate impact of the two youngest American generations Plurals (Gen . A Learn how to develop and engage employees to create an exceptional workplace and boost your business outcomes. Gen Xers and Baby Boomers are closely divided in their partisan leanings. The current balance of leaned party identification is similar to where it stood in 2016 when 48% of voters identified as Democrats or leaned Democratic and 44% identified with or leaned toward the GOP and in 2012 (also 48% Democratic, 44% Republican). because they ______. D. are willing to join groups that are not involved in politics, but they shy away from In 200320032003, the Supreme Court upheld most of the law in its ruling in McConnell v. FEC. The share of all voters with a college degree has grown from 24% in 1994 to 35% today. 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