A violent emotion gripped him. Its story is one of a dare. Who will go after him? No one had the courage to follow him. Ambio. Nikon Forestry 550/Pro) - sine method . The tamarind tree produces a natural air conditioning. Whys this cold wind hitting my face? Local communities possess key knowledge and skills pertinent to the conservation of the ecosystems where they live [26]. Figure1 shows the location of study sites. Guidelines and good practices. Khairunnuur FA, Zulkhairi A, Azrina A, Moklas MAM, Khairullizam S, Zamree MS, Shahidan MA. We thank the two anonymous reviewers whose comments helped to improve the initial manuscript. Ideally located just 5 km southwest of the City within the spacious Carnivore grounds and its iconic Carnivore Restaurant, Tamarind Tree Hotel has easy access to Nairobi, its national park, and the country's diverse attractions via the neighboring Nairobi Wilson Airport and Southern Bypass.. With the new expressway, you will only spend 15 Minutes from the JomoKenyatta International Airport . Corrections? They froze together. Poverty is rampant [17]. All authors read and approved the manuscript. Privacy International Centre for Underutilised Crops, Southampton, UK; 2000. This is a reflection of competing landuses especially in urban areas. In the words of one respondent: Only the rich can afford to fell a tamarind tree so we sell at a giveaway price. Scrape the pulp off the seed with your teeth and spit the seed out. Ethnomedicinal uses for humans and ethnoveterinary uses had the lowest percent citations (13 and 15% respectively) probably because such knowledge is possessed by only a few people mostly elders, herbalists and traditional healers. Ghosts only attack people who turn around. Trees were mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick makers. On the same branch. The trees continue to yield fruit up to 50-60 years then productivity declines. Their admiration for him knew no bounds, but something made them afraid. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. The leaves have also been used in dying processes and fruit mixtures for cleaning silver and cooper. However, you may keep them in an open space or garden. One cup of raw tamarind pulp contains approximately: ( 15) 287 calories. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census Annex 3. Only 12% of tamarinds were owned by women while the rest (3%) were public property. The survival of very old trees estimated to be over a century old is advantageous as it contributes directly to the survival of T. indica populations in the area. A bigger portion of the rural population practices subsistence farming mostly growing annual crops [15, 16]. Katende AB, Birnie A, Tengnas B. Behind him. It is a slow growing tree, long living and hardy. African fruits hold great potential to combat poverty. Tamarindus indica has a high use value in the study area evidenced by multiple uses. However school age children in both rural and urban areas appreciated tamarind fruit. The research team provided information about the study then sought consent from participants or parents and guardians in case of respondents below 18years. Where am I?. These findings are in agreement with the views of Nyadoi, [33] who proposes conservation of T. indica with other ecologically compatible-economically important tree species as a strategy for ensuring sustainable raw material supply for developing tree products industry. Often there are some fallen beneath the tree. His tree was still far off. Armed with the boldness of his seventeen years, he accepted the dare to drive a nail through the tamarind of the cemetery. An immense fear sat down beside him. Tamarind fruit beverage had the highest percent citation (100%) indicating it was consumed by all respondents. Tamarind seedlings were not accorded any form of protection, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock. We appreciate your anticipation of our new vision. On that day, the nail will fall from the tree, freeing his soul from its ties to the world. TORORO District State of Environment Report. All these superstition have to be left behind because Indian Cooking has tamarind pulp or juice added up in various dishes. Ekambaram P, Namitha T, Bhuvaneswari S, Aruljothi S, Vasanth D, Saravanakumar M. Therapeutic efficacy of Tamarindus indica L to protect against fluoride-induced oxidative stress in the liver of female rats. If you are confident you know what the tamarind tree and their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree. Being hardy, T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities. Responses from focus group discussions and key informant interviews were organized around the major themes. Its trunk was already enormous. Creative Resources Systems; 1987 p. 11521. It can grow up to 80 feet in height. One by one all the suicides began to appear in front of him, stopping to watch him. This cold surrounding me! Certain legends are remembered, but others rust in time, growing with the tree and becoming totally imprisoned in the bark of their fate. Dont turn around. Sign up to receive Virgin Islands articles, updates and offers. Did they all go and leave me to my fate?, He searched in the darkness. Article To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . He would finally confront the tamarind that had been mocking him. PubMed Central (Chapter 1). A final surge of bravado chased away all caution. Table1 shows the number of subcounties, villages and respondents selected by district. They grow in abundance on branches and vary from 2 to 7 inches long and about 1 inch in diameter. Shadows moved around the tombs. Further investigation is needed to elucidate the relationship between T. indica and surrounding plants. in Mukungwe and Wabinyonyi Sub-counties of Central Uganda. They declined. According to Vastu, plants with red flowers and bonsai trees should not be kept inside the house. It is widely cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible fruit, the sweet and sour pulp of which is extensively used in foods, beverages, and traditional medicines. Like the night of a full moon. Srimad Bhagwad-Gita says the final verses. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of IK, attitudes and practices on the use and conservation of T. indica. 1996;13:522525. This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. Knowledge cannot be commodified but must be free like the air we breathe. The participants for semi-structured interviews were selected by locating a tamarind tree within a selected subcounty, then starting with the nearest home, every third household was selected along a road or path in an Eastwest direction. Tamarind propagation and silvicultural practices. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . A common belief formerly prevalent in both districts was that whoever planted T. indica would die before tasting its fruit. Accessed from: www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf. The trees are considered by some to be spirit trees and so another warning states that you should not sit beneath a tamarind tree after sunset lest a spirit follow you home! The tree is also grown as an ornamental, and the wood is used in carpentry. In homes, the fruits were dehusked and soaked in water to soften. They followed an invisible funeral march. Dont bother them. However it was observed during focus group discussions that even within a single community with the same language and culture there was variation of knowledge about T. indica between the youth and the older generation. Bourou S, Bowe C, Diouf M, Van Damme P. Ecological and human impacts on stand density and distribution of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.) in Senegal. Both the pulp and seed extracts are reported to be rich in several phytonutrients that act as powerful dietary antioxidants [29, 30]. Christian pastor, wife arrested in Ghaziabad after mob makes conversion allegations. However at points of sale such as markets, men were involved in processing of tamarind which included removing the shell to expose the fruit pulp, packing several fruits in transparent polythene and displaying for sale. Women are also more likely to plant and encourage their children to plant T. indica if knowledgeable about its nutritional and economic benefits. He was barely able to grab another to carry his weight and his fear. In the U.S. Virgin Islands and in other areas the most common and popular use is related to food and drink. He couldnt see them. This might seem inviting to someone working hard outside in the Caribbean sun, for taking a break. Few plants will survive beneath a tamarind tree and there is a superstition that it is harmful to sleep or to tie a horse beneath one, probably because of the corrosive effect that fallen leaves have on fabrics in damp weather. From a certain angle, you can see it clearly, even from far away. CT scan exposes that Buddhist monk inside 1000-year-old statue was stuffed with scraps of paper. Afr J Ecol. A few of the largest tamarind trees in the U.S. Virgin Islands are thought to be 300+ years old. Hes far away. A cross sectional survey was conducted in two districts purposively selected from the T. indica natural range. Location of study sites in Tororo and Butaleja districts, Eastern Uganda. It took forever to get himself situated and begin. This is in agreement with Havinga et al. doi:10.5455/jice.20130809114525. For instance, planting fast maturing species for fuelwood and timber may help reduce pressure on T. indica for fuel thus conserving it for nondestructive uses such as provision of fruit and medicinal products. Lets go!, What? It lies at an altitude of between 1097 and 1219m above sea level [16]. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol. People who are afraidIm not afraid. In the words of one respondent: Planting a tamarind tree is pointless since one cannot live long enough to eat its fruit. A nail is driven into the tree where the branch was cut, keeping the soul of the suicide in place and preventing them from making mischief. Let him come back safe and sound! Google Scholar. The fruit has multiple small bulges, each bulge is a seed. Springer Nature. Yummy. No matter! Applying gentle pressure will cause the shell to crack. They went alongside him. Hammer this damn nail and get back! He picked up his pace. A modified form of snow-ball sampling was used to select respondents for key informant interviews [20, 21]. 75 grams carbohydrates. Useful trees and shrubs for Uganda: identification, propagation and management for agricultural and pastoral communities. [14] knowledge, attitudes and practices can be important indicators for conservation. Why didnt I listen to my friends? Nutrition Facts. Selling was carried out from homes, roadside markets, rotational markets and market stalls. Tamarind fruit beverage was also commonly given to rejuvenate those returning from war. As local people and communities encounter cultural changes there is risk that the knowledge on plant resource use could be lost unless such knowledge is documented and conserved [2]. Is used in carpentry in other areas the most common and popular use is related food. Bigger portion of the largest tamarind trees in the Caribbean sun, for taking break. 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