A noted example is the garden of the villa Murin-an in Kyoto. He also organized a system of local administration, based on a prefecture-county-city structure which is still in use in Japan today. Yamagata Aritomo , (born Aug. 3, 1838, Hagi, Japandied Feb 1, 1922, Tokyo), First prime minister under Japan's parliamentary regime (1889-91, 1898-1900). He served, however, as minister of justice (189293) and president of the Privy Council (189394) and remained a member of the genro (elder statesmen), an informal body of confidential advisers to the emperor. He also ordered the construction of Shoto-an in Oiso Town and Koki-an, in Odawara City. Yamagata Aritomo Born June 14, 1838, in Yamaguchi Prefecture; died Feb. 1, 1922. First Sino-Japanese War. In the 'issue regarding the addition of two army divisions' that occurred in 1912, Yamagata issued a written opinion requesting that Yusaku UEHARA, who was the Minister of War in the second Saionji Cabinet, submit a letter of resignation. Field Marshal Prince Yamagata Aritomo, OM ( ?, 14 June 1838 - 1 February 1922), also known as Yamagata Kysuke, [1] was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and twice Prime Minister of Japan.He is considered one of the architects of the military and political foundations of early modern Japan. Educated from about 1858 at Shka-Sonjuku, a private school, he became a promising member of revolutionary loyalists who were incensed by the growth of foreign influence under the shogunate and who raised the cry Sonn ji (Revere the emperor! During his second term as Prime Minister, he ruled that only an active military officer could serve as War Minister or Navy Minister, giving the military power over any future cabinet and effectively removing the military from civilian control. After Terauchi died, however, the Chobatsu force drastically decreased, and it finally came to an end when Yamagata died. In this letter, Shoin made inquiries about Yamagata, saying, 'I am not sure who Aritomo is,' suggesting that Yamagata and Shoin had no acquaintance with each other before Yamagata entered the juku. In 1909 he became chairman of the Privy Council, an advisory body to the emperor. His promotion to field marshal in 1898 affirmed his preeminent position in Japans military and political life. Yamagata disliked party politics and continued to oppose national diet political forces (a doctrine of superiority). The ranks and orders that he earned were Marshal, General of the Army, Juichii (Junior First Rank), Order of the Chrysanthemum, Golden Pheasant decoration, and Prince. At 4 am, the battle began. He accepted Prussian political ideas, which favored military expansion abroad and authoritarian government at home. Called the Plan of National Defense for the Empire, it played a substantial part in the entry of Japan into World War II. Much of India was changed, India was a great country before the British colonization and once the British took hold, India was lead into a spiral of Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards; Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card; audio not yet available for this language. All the genr served at various times as cabinet ministers, and most were at times prime minister. {"cdnAssetsUrl":"","site_dot_caption":"Cram.com","premium_user":false,"premium_set":false,"payreferer":"clone_set","payreferer_set_title":"History 1682 Final Readings","payreferer_url":"\/flashcards\/copy\/history-1682-final-readings-2376128","isGuest":true,"ga_id":"UA-272909-1","facebook":{"clientId":"363499237066029","version":"v12.0","language":"en_US"}}. In late August, Imperial forces led by General Yamagata Aritomo surrounded the rebels on Mount Enodake. YAMAGATA Aritomo Date of Birth and Death June 14, 1838 - February 1, 1922 Birthplace (modern name) Yamaguchi Occupation, Status Military Officer , Statesman , Prime Minister Description Military officer and statesman. As War Minister he founded the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff . As War Minister, Yamagata pushed through the foundation of the Imperial Japanese Army General Staff, which was the main source of Yamagata's political power and that of other military officers through the end of World War I. In 1891, he resigned to become a genro (an oligarch). He consistently opposed the creation of a genuine Cabinet. Yamagata Aritomo, The Coming Race War (1914-15). In 1863 Yamagata was chosen commanding officer of the Kiheitai, the most famous of the irregular troop units formed by the revolutionaries in Choshu. In 1906, Yamagata received the Order of Merit from Edward VII of the United Kingdom. After the death of It Hirobumi in 1909 Yamagata became the most influential politician in Japan, supported by the military and the bureaucracy. In 1882, Yamagata induced Emperor Meiji to promulgate the Imperial Precept for the Military or "Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors," a recapitulation of his Admonition to the Military, which became the spiritual manifesto of the Japanese army and naval forces until the surrender of Japan in 1945 at the end of World War II. In 1884 he was made a count and resigned as Chief of the General Staff. More conservative than It Hirobumi, who had drafted the Japanese constitution, Yamagata proposed to the first Diet that Japan should expand its dominion over part of the Asian continent. In this hard-hitting polemic, one of America's best-known political commentators explains why racial tensions are now approaching critical mass - and points to what we must do to defuse the situation. He was instrumental in building a modern Japanese army and instituting a system of conscription, and in organizing the police force and a system of local government. The anti-Japanese campaign in California, as well as racial rivalry and hatred towards Hindus in British Africa, are expressions of the conflict, as well as racial competition and hatred. Born in Yamaguchi as the son of a samurai of the Hagi Clan. Prince Aritomo Yamagata ( , Yamagata Aritomo) (June 14, 1838 February 1, 1922) was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and the third and ninth Prime Minister of Japan. In 1867 the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown, and the Meiji government was established in 1868. In 1898 he was promoted to Field Marshal, an affirmation of his preeminent position in Japan's military and political life. He was one of the main architects of the military and political foundations of early modern Japan. He also took the important step of refashioning the Japanese military system according to the Prussian model. Half of its members were generals and admirals, and with their help he succeeded in accelerating his expansionist policy in Asia. In do 45-52). Following the nationwide rice riots of 1918, Yamagata grudgingly allowed Hara Kei of the Seiyukai party to become the first Prime Minister from a political party, setting the stage for the party system known as "Taisho Democracy." Yamagata also served as President of the Privy Council from 1893 to 1894 and 1905 to 1922. OK. Edmund D. Morel, The Black Man's Burden (1920). Wanted to get rid of half-caste kids in India in order to keep societies separated. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He became a member of the Sonno joi (Revere the emperor! YAMAGATA Aritomo, the leading authority on Army soldiers from former Choshu domain (Choshu-han). [13], As Yamagata had no children, he adopted a nephew, the second son of his eldest sister, to be his heir. His support for many autocratic and aggressive policies directly undermined the development of an open society, and contributed to the coming of the Second World War. He used the police force to crush the burgeoning Popular Rights Movement, ending the hopes of many that Japan might become a liberal democracy. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. He induced the emperor to proclaim the Imperial Rescript on Education, the guideline under the Meiji regime. During his first term, from December 24, 1889, to May 6, 1891, the Imperial Rescript on Education was issued. and contributed to the coming of the Second World War. Led to expansion into Manchuria. He also enacted laws preventing political party members from holding any key posts in the bureaucracy. Yamagata energetically modernized the fledgling Imperial Japanese Army, and modeled it after the Prussian Army. In 1873, with the help of the restoration hero Saigo Takamori, who wielded great influence in the army, Yamagata introduced a system of conscription. In 1883 he was appointed to the post of Lord Chancellor, the highest bureaucratic position in the government system before the Meiji Constitution of 1889. No cabinet could be established without his personal consent. The Imperial Navy deployed for the first time to the South Pacific, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean and the army occupied Shandong, China, and Siberia. Yamagata, Aritomo rtm ymgt [ key], 1838-1922, Japanese soldier and statesman, chief founder of the modern Japanese army. Updates? Soon after the certain serious incident of the Imperial Court, Yamagata died in despair. Following the opening of Japan to foreign trade by Commodore Perry in 1853, he studied from around 1858 at Shokasonjuku, a private school run by Yoshida Shin, where he devoted his energies to the growing underground movement to overthrow the Tokugawa shogunate. Letter sent by soldiers to families. This was also the result of pursuing favoritism toward Chochu people together with Masatake TERAUCHI. Introducing Cram Folders! Saionji sought to replace him. Find Yamagata Aritomo stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. He consistently opposed the creation of a genuine cabinet. Japanese nationalists protested the insults against their national sovereignty and led the forces which overthrew the Tokugawa regime. He became Minister of the Army when the government reorganized the military system into an army and a navy, and, after Saigo resigned from the government in protest of its restrained policy toward Korea, Yamagata assumed greater influence over the government. Yamagata was awarded the rank of field marshal in 1898. Yamagata did his best to check the power of the rising political parties and to remove the bureaucracy from their control. Given the fact that a single-member constituency system was likely to result in the formation of a large-and-powerful political party, Yamagata figured that he could conciliate the national diet if the constituency system were changed from a single-member to a large constituency system and small factions were fragmented. World War III is ComingAnd So is the Draft Already, the forces of Russia, China, and Iran are conducting joint naval drills, Russian and American forces have already brawled with each other in. On the Left: They have a higher average education level, which could be useful for designing bombs and. Hardcover - October 29, 1996. [7] His childhood name was Tatsunosuke, after which he was briefly known as Kosuke and Kysuke, before changing his name to Aritomo after the Meiji Restoration.[8]. His childhood name was Shinnosuke and his nickname was Kosuke, but later he changed his name to Kyosuke. Japan's military buildup had by now given it a rough naval parity with China. He resigned in October 1900. In the name of "protecting Japanese residents," in June 1894 they sent eight Also, Arimichi adopted the third son Arimitsu YAMAGATA born between Matsuko, Aritomo's daughter, and Mitsunojo FUNAKOSHI, and was baronized as a branch of the House of Yamagata. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi's Fight Against The British Rule, Revolution: The Communist Manifesto By Karl Marx, Economic Benefits Of European Imperialism, Colonialism In How Europe Underdeveloped Africa By Walter Rodney, The Influence Of Gandhi's Nonviolent Movement, British Imperialism In India In The Late 1800's. Intending to abolish the system of the feudal domains and to centralize political power, he proposed forming an Imperial Force (Goshimpei). In the twentieth century their power diminished because of deaths and quarrels among themselves, and the growing political power of the Army and Navy. How does he expect this to impact Japan? In 1882, he became president of the Board of Legislation (Sanjiin) and as Home Minister (188387) he worked vigorously to suppress political parties and repress agitation in the labor and agrarian movements. Attending the coronation of the Russian Czar Nicholas II on November 1, 1894, he made a tentative offer to Spain on buying the Philippines for 40 million. In October 1900, unable to deal with a financial crisis brought on by military expansion or with the problem of the division of China by foreign powers after the Boxer Rebellion, Yamagata and his Cabinet resigned. As always, he was intent on creating a strong executive in anticipation of a future challenge from the parties. Please sign in to share these flashcards. Find Yamagata Aritomo stock photos and editorial news pictures from Getty Images. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Bestselling author Bill O'Reilly is out there ready to expose the vicious cover up of white kids getting beat up in Obama's America using his television program to push the story of Dave . Yamagata Aritomo also warns against the danger of "race mixing," which he believes will lead to the decline of the Japanese people. During the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05 he was chief of the Japanese General Staff. [9][pageneeded]. The Coming Race War Won't Be About Race. Book by Hackett, Roger F. With the help of the restoration hero Saig Takamori, who wielded great influence in the army, Yamagata succeeded in introducing conscription. Yamagata Aritomo can be seen as . Also, Emperor Taisho often asked his aides if 'there was anything that could be given to Yamagata' when he heard that Yamagata had come to the Imperial Palace. Yamagata Aritomo (14 June 1838 - 1 February 1922) was Prime Minister of Japan from 24 December 1889 to 6 May 1891, succeeding Sanjo Sanetomi and preceding Matsukasa Masayoshi and from 8 November 1898 to 19 October 1900, succeeding Okuma Shigenobu and preceding Ito Hirobumi. Yamagata, Aritomo(rtm ymgt), 1838-1922, Japanese soldier and statesman, chief founder of the modern Japanese army. Yamagata, who became special ambassador to Moscow in 1896, helped reach a compromise with Russia regarding the two countries interests on the Korean peninsula. Yamagata was from a family of the lowest samurai rank in the Chsh domain, a region of western Japan strongly opposed to the Tokugawa military dictatorship that ruled Japan from the early 17th century until the Meiji Restoration of 1868 reestablished the formal authority of the emperor. These are the adherents of a. the Japanese Cinderella stories, the letters of Yamagata Aritomo, Sgi's pilgrimage diary of 1480, and the Echigo war of 1868. Yamagata was taught academics by his father Aritoshi. As the military leader who traced the first lines of a national defensive strategy against Russia, he is considered political and military ideological ancestor of the Strike North Group. Yamagatas second cabinet was organized in November 1898. Colonialism in the eyes of the many Africans have been seen as a wretched, forceful and brutal integration into their lives, lands, and culture. The Coming Race War in America: A Wake Up Call. Warning readers that America's racial and economic disputes are escalating to warlike proportions, a cautionary study cites such symptoms as corporate downsizing, the growth of armed right-wing militia, repealed welfare and affirmative action, and the O. J. Simpson . In discussing national defense policy, Yamagata characterized Korea as "A Dagger Pointed at the Heart of Japan.". Prince Yamagata Aritomo Meiji-period postcard of Yamagata Aritomo Allegiance Empire of Japan Service/branch Imperial Japanese Army Years of service 1868 -1898 Rank Field Marshal Battles/wars Boshin War Satsuma Rebellion First Sino-Japanese War Russo-Japanese War Awards Order of Merit Order of the Golden Kite(1st class) In anticipation of the Sino-Japanese War, he reorganized the army to adapt it for field operations. Arimitsu served as a colonel in the army and a general in the 21st Air Brigade. Nevertheless, the attempt of calming tensions between the Muslims and Hindus can Of little impact at the time, its influence grew, and by the end of the century, it had helped to inspire an international Communist movement Years later th During the late 1800s and early 1900s, scramble for Africa, or known as the European Imperialism, was at its peak in Europe. Following the doctrine of superiority, he pursued the expansion of armaments. At the first meeting of the Imperial Diet, he made an administrative policy speech and claimed that it was necessary to increase the military budget in order to keep both the 'sovereign line' (the border) and the 'interest line' (Korean peninsula). Yamagata Aritomo can be seen as the father of Japanese militarism. After separating the Operations Department from the Army Ministry and reorganizing the General Staff Office, he resigned as army minister and assumed the position of chief of the general staff. After returning to Japan, he carried out the wish of Masujiro OMURA, who had been assassinated, and implemented the conscription system (the Conscription Ordinance). From the following list of leaders chose the individual that you believe was most important to the Meiji Restoration: Okuma Shigenobu, Kido Koin, Yamagata Aritomo, Ito HirobumiSaigo Takamori, Okubo Toshimichi. Yamagata in 1877 led the newly modernized Imperial Army against the Satsuma Rebellion led by his former comrade in revolution, Saig Takamori of Satsuma. In 1863, he played an important role as the assistant deputy general of Kihei-tai on behalf of Shinsaku TAKASUGI, who had gone to Shanghai City. He was born in a family of the chugen rank (a rank below that of the common soldier) of the domain of Choshu. Yamagata Aritomo , (born Aug. 3, 1838, Hagi, Japandied Feb 1, 1922, Tokyo), First prime minister under Japans parliamentary regime (188991, 18981900). You have created 2 folders. "The Restoration. Significance-lead to the creation of labor laws. This can be regarded as his achievement. This situation made him determined that military policy should be removed from civilian control. Significance-Shows the negative effects of colonialism and leads to more human rights. It is easy to see the end of British reign as a group effort, but one must consider Mahatma Gandhis diligent work. After the Russo-Japanese War, in anticipation of a recurrence of conflict between Japan and Russia, he prepared a contingency plan for war with the United States and Russia. Arimichi YAMAGATA, the son of Isaburo, served at the Imperial Court as a chamberlain (the master of ceremonies). From the end of the Meiji period to the beginning of the Taisho period, he increasingly became influential since he, as the chief of the General Staff, had led Japan to victory in the Russo-Japanese War (note, however, that Emperor Meiji trusted Katsura more than Yamagata, and he sometimes asked Katsura for advice in disregard of Yamagata) and because Hirofumi ITO had been assassinated. In 1891 Yamagata, exhausted by party strife, resigned as prime minister. Yamagata has light brown hair that is brushed back, thin eyebrows, a handlebar mustache, and wrinkles around his face. The genr were a subset of the revolutionary leaders who shared common objectives and who by about 1880 had forced out or isolated the other original leaders. Find out how you can intelligently organize your Flashcards. [9][pageneeded]. Yamagata is a crafty man, since he was able to survive the turmoil at the . Early in 1871, a force of about 10,000 men drawn from the feudal armies was organized, and Yamagata was promoted to Vice Minister of Military Affairs. In 1912 Yamagata set the precedent that the army could dismiss a cabinet. Prince Yamagata was a talented garden designer, and today the gardens he designed are considered masterpieces of Japanese gardens. A. C. Yu Generated from the Japanese-English Bilingual Corpus of Wikipedia's Kyoto Articles which is translated by the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT) from Japanese sentences on Wikipedia, used under CC BY-SA. In a different newspaper, Yamagata's funeral was ridiculed as 'a state funeral without the public.'. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Yamagata-Aritomo, Yamagata Aritomo - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). As the Imperial Japanese Army's inaugural Chief of Staff, he was the chief architect of the Empire of Japan's military and its reactionary ideology. In 1867 the Tokugawa shogunate was overthrown, and in 1868 the Meiji government was proclaimed. In this case, Britain ended up hurting the colony. Japanese nationalism and militarism Roots of militarism Yamagata Aritomo - Imperial Rescript (1898), Meiji Constitution = only answerable to emperor Victory = 1876 Opening of Korea, 1894-5 Sino-JP war, 1904-5 Russo JP war, (+ South Manchuria Railway Zone, 100k troops of Kwantung army) Siberian Expedition 1918-22 Meiji restoration elevated status of Japan as an imperial Below is the article summary. One of the reasons why it was During the late 1800s and early 1900s, The scramble for Africa, or known as the European Imperialism was at its peak in Europe. Japanese troops in action during the Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 During his school years he joined the loyalists who favored restoration of the emperor and an end to the Tokugawa shogunate. Yamagata became War Minister in 1873, but found that the right to determine government military policies lay largely in the hands of the councilor (sangi) to the Executive Council. Yamagata was strongly influenced by Prussian military and political ideas, which favored military expansion abroad and authoritarian government at home. In 1873, Yamagata was appointed War Minister, commanding 10,000 troops. During the Boshin War, he was posted to the staff of the Admiral in charge during the Hokurikudo repression and similarly during the Aizu subjugation. In 1869 Yamagata was selected by the government together with Saig Tsugumichi to visit Europe and research European military systems. To be sure, Yamagata was born to political circumstances that make his huge mark on the world's political scene less than a miraculous feat. In 1900, he ruled that only an active military officer could serve as War Minister or Navy Minister, giving the military control over any future cabinet and effectively removing the military from civilian control. In 1898, the second Yamagata Cabinet was launched. He was Commander of the General Staff Office in 1874-76, 1878-82, and 1884-85. We weren't able to detect the audio language on your flashcards. He began his career as an errand boy of the treasury office and an informer in the police administration. Yamagatas second cabinet resigned in October 1900, when it found that it could deal neither with the nations financial crisis brought on by military expansion nor with the problem of the division of China by the powers after the Boxer Rebellion. Corrections? Yamagata Aritomo can be seen as the father of Japanese militarism. [12] However, his power was greatly damaged in 1921 when he expressed strong opposition to the engagement of Hirohito and Nagako citing color blindness of Nagako's family. He became minister of the army after the government reorganized the military system into an army and a navy. Why does Yamagata Aritomo expect a "race war" to come in the near future? After firing a final barrage of artillery lasting the night, Yamagata's men attacked Saig's position. Select from premium Yamagata Aritomo of the highest quality. Poem about trench warfare. Because he was from a family of a lower class (chugen), it is possible that Yamagata wanted it to be known that he had been a disciple of Shoin. On the other hand, the funeral service of Shigenobu OKUMA, which was held around the same time, was attended by famous people from a variety of fields, and the venue was crowded with the general attendants although his was not a state funeral (it was a 'national funeral' instead), even though Okuma was also a former Prime Minister and a genkun of the Imperial Restoration just as Yamagata had been. When the Boxer Rebellion broke out in China in response to foreign encroachment, Yamagata, at Great Britain's request, dispatched the largest of the foreign contingents that were sent to put down the rebellion, heightening Japans reputation as an international power. Significance-showed the brutality and advancements in technology of WWI. Famine in India. During the Seinan War (also known as the Satsuma Rebellion), Terauchi (a Captain in the Army at that time) was injured in his right arm and treated at a temporary hospital in Osaka. Prince Aritomo Yamagata ( , Yamagata Aritomo) (June 14, 1838 - February 1, 1922) was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and the third and ninth Prime Minister of Japan. Yamagata played an active role in the bourgeois revolution of 1867-68 (seeMEIJI RESTORATION). On returning he was asked to organize a national army for Japan, and he became War Minister in 1873. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like *Las Casas: Brief Account of the Devastation of the Indies, *Juan Gins de Seplveda, Concerning the Just Cause of the War Against the Indians, Antonio Vazquez de Espionsa: Mercury mining and silver mining in Potos and more. Emperor Meiji trusted Hiroumi ITO, who was bright, cheerful and calm; Taro KATSURA, who led the Russo-Japanese War; and Kinmochi SAIONJI, who was his childhood friend more than Yamagata, who was disingenuous. He became the Prime Minister in 1889. After retirement, he continued to wield power as a genro (elder statesman). Did not want to get completely involved but wanted influence in the economy. Significance-Did not have an effect at first, but later gained popularity. In 1921, however, he was publicly censured for meddling in the Crown Prince's marriage. Dec. 2012. Yamagata saw to that a century ago. His victory proved once again the superiority of the conscript army over the former samurai troops. Yamagata Isabur subsequently assisted his adopted father by serving as a career bureaucrat, cabinet minister, and head of the civilian administration of Korea. He was wounded during the Shimonoseki Incident in 1864, during which an allied fleet of Western powers bombarded the Choshu rebels and defeated them. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. He entered politics in 1882 while still chief of the general staff and became president of the Legislative Board (Sangiin), a group of elders who advised the government concerning the establishment of the basic principles of the Meiji constitution. Yamagata Aritomo (1838-1922) was the third and ninth prime minister of Japan and one of the foremost of the Meiji oligarchs that created the modern nation of Japan.Among Yamagata's many achievements he was the chief architect of the modern Japanese army, and as the most senior of the oligarchs following the death of Ito Hirobumi, Yamagata was unquestionably the most powerful man . Aritomo YAMAGATA (May 15, 1838 - February 1, 1922) was a Japanese soldier and politician. Yamagata Aritomo and other top leaders decided the time had come to secure the upper hand in Korea. Yamagata Aritomo List of Japanese people Empire of Japan List of prime ministers of Japan Imperial Japanese Army List of members of the Order of Merit Genr Gensui (Imperial Japanese Army) Imperial Japanese Army General Staff Office Recipients of the Order of the Golden Ruler First Yamagata Cabinet Second Yamagata Cabinet Usage on es.wikipedia.org Without a rival after Its assassination in 1909, Yamagata led Japan as a virtual dictator, backed by the military and the bureaucracy under his influence. Each answer should be at least 150 words. Japanese military and political figure; marshal. He died February 1, at the age of eighty-four. He also was involved in the first major corruption scandal in modern Japan (the Yamashiroya Incident), and as a result of it he had resigned. Field Marshal Prince Yamagata Aritomo ( , June 14, 1838 - February 1, 1922), also known as Yamagata Kysuke, was a field marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and twice Prime Minister of Japan. Yamagata like many Japanese was strongly influenced by the striking success of Prussia in transforming itself from an agricultural state to a leading industrial and military power. In July, 2019, police officers responding to a racist graffiti incident in Baltimore County, Maryland, encountered swastikas, as well as a phrase new to them: "Race War Now." In New York, the DMV canceled a Queens resident's vanity license plate in November 2018; the plate read "GTKRWN," an acronym for . Showed the negative effects of working in factories and specifically what it did to children. 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