iambic pentameter in macbeth act 1 scene 2

Complete your free account to request a guide. Actors, students, you know, they go round doing this di dum, di dum And it's very difficult, once you've got it so rigidly in your head to let go of it because the truth is, you have to let go of it. Moves like a ghost. Which was not so before. JONATHAN SLINGER: It offers insights into character, dramatic devices and interpretative choices through performance. WebAnalyzes how macbeth is outraged and attacks him at his weak spot. (lines 7-23) Act 1 Scene 2 He describes the violence that is occurring in the battle between Macbeth and Macdonwald What role has Macbeth played in the battle? PDF downloads of all 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Example #1: Macbeth (By William Shakespeare) Example #2: Ode to Autumn (By John Keats) What is an example of a iambic pentameter in Romeo and Juliet Act 1? Lady Macbeth tries to reassure him and oversee the unfinished business. Verse is like poetry and it has a set structure and rhythm. He has left his family and gone to England. Henceforth be earls, the first that ever ScotlandIn such an honour named. Shakespeare famously wrote his plays and sonnets using a metric line called iambic pentameter. So, its important to lean into these elements as you perform this speech. what is an impact test for sports They don't have a great deal of time; it's almost as if time has escalated. MICHAEL BOYD: What are the disadvantages of shielding a thermometer? This short film could be used to illustrate the dramatic difference that can be made by adjusting the rhythm or pace of line delivery. In this essay I will be looking at two scenes from the play Macbeth, the two scenes act one scene one and act one scene three both include the three witches. Macbeths guilty conscience causes him to hear terrifying sounds. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. The story centres around Macbeth, and his colossal rise and fall. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Duncan orders the execution of BBC Teach > Secondary resources > GCSE English Literature / GCSE Drama > Shakespeare Unlocked - Macbeth. WebAct 1, scene 2 Explanation and Analysis: Shakespeare famously wrote his plays and sonnets using a metric line called iambic pentameter. WebSo "iambic pentameter" is a kind of rhythmic pattern that consist of five iambs per line. the handle pointing at me hand? JONATHAN SLINGER: If it were done when tis done, then twere well It were done quickly: if the assassination Could trammel up the consequence, and catch With his surcease success; Web4.9. iambic pentameter lines, each pair of lines rhyming as Such couplets frequently occur at the end of a scene, where they are called rhymed "tags." she challenges his love for her and says that she would rather "dash the brains out" of her own child than break such a promise. Shakespeare Unlocked brings Shakespeares most popular plays to life for young people by showing how actors and directors work to interpret and take ownership of Shakespeares text. I will however stick to using Shakespeares original script, as it is arguably the finest form of English writing of the time, and continues to influence playwrights today. Ask for two volunteers to say aloud one example of shared lines. JONATHAN SLINGER: This use of elevatedlanguagesignifies theirsocialstatus and makes their speechpoetic and assured. Glamis hath murder'd sleep, and therefore Cawdor Shall sleep no more. And just like in Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses the dagger as another opportunity to utilize the apostrophe. Hear it not, Duncan; for it is a knell Shakespeare uses PROSE (non poetic writing that sounds like regular speech) for characters who are: insane or mentally unstable (like Lady Macbeth's sleepwalking scene), informative bits (like the letter Lady Macbeth reads from her husband). Captain: For brave Macbeth (well he deserves that name), Macbeth:If it were done when tis done, then twere well. I have thee not, and yet I see thee still. They identify the rhythm of iambic pentameter within the scene. The poem should relate to the PLOT / STORYLINE of Macbeth. Google Apps. What's done cannot be undone. I can still see you, as real as this dagger I draw now. Thou sure and firm-set earth, Shakespeares Macbeth was written between 1603 and 1606, in the time of King James I. Then figure out what the total cost of the trip would be.? Macbeth must act surprised and wary when he sees the dagger and may also use gestures and body language to stress this. In A Midsummer Night's Dream, for instance, noble characters speak in blank verse, peasants speak in prose,lovers speak in rhymed verse, and fairies speak in a form of rhymed trochaic tetrameter. In this example, there are five iambs stressed / unstressed) in each line giving a smooth flow in reading. And should Banquo follow Macbeth, it will bring much honour. Oh, that this too, too sullied flesh would melt. Place the words with syllabic count: WebThere are three areas to look out for: lines with a five-beat rhythm lines with a four-beat rhythm lines written in prose Lines with a five-beat rhythm This is how the majority of the For scene 2 I will also stick with the dark, dreary atmosphere, however if its possible I will make this scene darker as now King Duncan is dead and its unnatural cause makes the world seem incomplete and different from normal. The truth is that we very often speak in iambic pentameter just naturally. You can Macbeth now acts as if he is even more nervous than previously as he has now carried out his threat and now cant go back on what he has done. name)" or "So well thy words become thee as thy wounds" are perfect Like a ghost. What happens to the relationships when the whole of the scene is played in a small circle of light? Teaching how to cite text evidence for Macbeth by William Shakespeare can be difficult, but this expository essay writing lesson guides students through a step-by-step process of writing a 5 paragraph (or more) constructed response with text dependent analysis as support. King James I of England: Shakespeare's Patron, The Earl of Southampton: Shakespeare's Patron, King James I and Shakespeare's Sources for, Contemporary References to King James I in, The Royal Patent that Changed Shakespeare's Life, Soliloquy Analysis: If it were done when 'tis done (1.7.1-29), Soliloquy Analysis: Is this a dagger (2.1.33-61), Soliloquy Analysis: To be thus is nothing (3.1.47-71), Soliloquy Analysis: She should have died hereafter (5.5.17-28), Explanatory Notes for Lady Macbeth's Soliloquy (1.5), The Psychoanalysis of Lady Macbeth (Sleepwalking Scene), Explanatory Notes for the Witches' Chants (4.1), The Effect of Lady Macbeth's Death on Macbeth, Shakespeare's Workmanship: Crafting a Sympathetic Macbeth, Temptation, Sin, Retribution: Lecture Notes on, Alchemy and Astrology in Shakespeare's Day. Often, at the end of a scene or at the end of a string of blank verse, Shakespeare throws in some rhyming couplets to catch our attention. Analyzes how lady macbeth is still carrying the daggers and he seems quiet and uneasy after the murder. (Act 1, Scene 2) From "Twelfth Night:" "If music be the food of love, play on. Men fought like tired swimmers who cling together and wind up making it harder for both to swim. WebThe battle was very close for a very long time, and the side that would eventually turn up victorious was hard to predict. WebIambic pentameter is commonly used in poetry and verse forms. WebNotable exceptions are in the Porters scene (Act II Scene 3) and this appearance of Lady Macbeth. What is the effect of the shared lines in this scene?This clip will be relevant for teaching English Literature, Drama and Theatre Studies. Thus to mine eyes. Adjectives: descriptive words used to add emphasis and MOST of Macbeth the play is written in this way. Why do you think Macbeth is startled by the witches prediction's to all the house. I go, and it is done; the bell invites me. A discussion of the writing style (Prose vs. Verse) in myshakespeare's Macbeth, Act1, Scene 5. If necessary, give them examples from the scene. Particularly in the first two Acts, Lady Macbeths speech had been fiery blank verse the strong rhythms reflecting her strong, determined grasp of reality. Like Valors minion, carved out his passage. How-- whatever-- Of whatever interest it is it is no longer interesting when you can still hear it when an actor's saying it. WebLADY MACBETH T o bed, to bed! Why does Lady Macduff think that her husband is a traitor? THATS my last Duchess painted on the wall,Looking as if she were alive. JONATHAN SLINGER: Please wait while we set up your subscription TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: King's College London, Newcastle University, University of Bristol, University of Cambridge, WJEC, AQA, OCR and Edexcel, Business, Companies and Organisation, Activity, Height and Weight of Pupils and other Mayfield High School investigations, Lawrence Ferlinghetti: Two Scavengers in a Truck, Two Beautiful People in a Mercedes, Moniza Alvi: Presents from my Aunts in Pakistan, Changing Materials - The Earth and its Atmosphere, Fine Art, Design Studies, Art History, Crafts, European Languages, Literature and related subjects, Linguistics, Classics and related subjects, Structures, Objectives & External Influences, Global Interdependence & Economic Transition, Acquiring, Developing & Performance Skill, Sociological Differentiation & Stratification, Less than half the price of our monthly plan. Hearing Macbeth cry out, she worries that the chamberlains have awakened. WebScene Study (F+F) Separator 2; 4.1 Henry 4.2 Henry 5 Henry 6.1 Henry 6.2 Henry 6.3 Henry 8 Julius Caesar King John King Lear King Richard 2 Love's Labour's Lost Macbeth Measure for Measure Merchant of to have two syllables, one stressed and one unstressed. iambic pentameter. That which hath made them drunk hath made me bold. Zip. The Weird Sisters utilize anunusual meter calledtrochaic tetrameter,whichcharacterizes them as bizarre and supernatural creatures. For instance, in the excerpt, When I see birches bend to left and right/Across the line of straighter darker Trees (Birches, by Robert Frost), each line contains five feet, and each foot uses one iamb. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. Is he intrigued by it? Macbeth ponders the dagger and figures out that it is a hallucination when he notices the blood on the end of it. Secondly, charactersutilizedelayed orinverted sentence structures to create a sense of building anticipation. Such supernatural points include the three witches that start the chain of events, the strange occurrences that happen after Duncans murder and the apparitions that appear to Macbeth throughout the play. Youre not in my hand and yet I can still see you. what is an impact test for sports WebThe blood covering the captain makes him an unrecognizable monster, just as Macbeth, who in this scene is described as a noble hero who is brave and loyal to his king, will be transformed into a monster as he becomes "covered" with the metaphorical blood of those he kills to achieve his ambitions. "Pentameter" indicates that each line consists of five of these "feet.". And the understood structure here is based on this ten beat line. In Act 1 Scene 1 nobody appears except some Whiles I threat, he lives: MICHAEL BOYD: Websteakhouse 55 replacement; house for sale with race track; houses for rent - long beach peninsula. This type of construction, along with the use of repetition and alliteration in key scenes, create a sense of forward momentum that reflects the play's preoccupation with fate. in act 1 of Macbeth by Shakespeare, what was macbeth's responce to the witches in Act 1. WebIambic pentameter is defined as a ten-syllable line with the accent on every other syllable, beginning with the second one. Macbeth has committed the murder and is overcome with guilt and fear. Whats done/ cannot be undone. Feminine endings of lines were also allowed. Additionally, Jessica is a Voice Over artist, presenter and writer. False in this context plays upon a number of meanings. Refine any search. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. There are 12 short films for each play: 3 scenes filmed in colour, in the theatre and 8 rehearsals filmed in black and white, with actors and directors exploring those scenes. [a bell rings] Where is there iambic pentameter in act 1 of Macbeth? 3. Out Iambic Pentameter is made up of two words, where pentameter is a combination of pent, which means five, and meter, which means to measure. Also, this form accommodates intonation and pace of language, allowing an underlying meter to make impacts on readers. WebAct 1 Scene 1 Upon the heath, after the battle, Banquo and Macbeth What offstage scene does the captain describe in this speech? You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Words to the heat of deeds too cold breath gives. He is about it. The handle of the dagger is facing toward the palm of his hand and the blade is pointing away from him, as though ready to attack. Act 2, Act I, Scene 2 of Macbeth is written in verse and ends with a rhyming couplet (done/won). Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. The actors and director explore the Macbeths very different responses to Duncans murder. Adriano Sterlini 5/1/2007, Macbeth Act 2 scenes 1 and 2 GCSE coursework. Which were not there before. The cast discuss iambic pentameter and explore the rhythm of Shakespeares language. Three key scenes are shown from Macbeth which are then explored by actors and directors in workshops. 4 - Un anuncio Audio Listen to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Our 9x sold out online acting course returns soon. WebSee in text (Act I - Scene II) Golgotha is known as the place of the skull and is known as the site of Christ's death upon Mount Calvary in Matthew 27:33. The original text plus a side-by-side modern translation of. The way the content is organized, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. This topic appears at KS3 in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and AQA, OCR, Edexcel and Eduqas GCSE/KS4 in England, Wales and CCEA GCSE/KS4 in Northern Ireland. Note the quick changes to the thought patterns, the use of commas and full stops that indicate Macbeths mind is racing and the ideas moving quickly and feverishly. Iambic pentameter that DOES NOT RHYME is called "blank verse", and MOST of Macbeth the play is written in this way. I callThat piece a wonder, Now: Fr Pandolfs handsWorked busily a day, and there she standsAnd seemed as they would ask me, if they durst,How such a glance came there; so, not the firstAre you to turn and ask thus. For example, did he write in prose or poetry or both? 'When anybody is in that kind of heightened state' people start to talk very, very quickly at each other, finish each other's sentences, come in-- Its a very heightened way of communicating and I think that's what Shakespeare's doing in this scene. Mark the stressed and unstressed syllables. Duncan rewards and trusts his subjects. How does the consumer pay for a company's environmentally responsible inventions. WebAnalysis of Macbeths soliloquy and key images in the speech. Is he scared of it? This I feel will add drama to the moment, as it is the focus of the scene. WebAct 2, Scene 2 - Rhythm of the language (workshop) The cast discuss iambic pentameter and explore the rhythm of Shakespeares language. Not only is "done" an imprecise verb, but Macbeth also does not explicitly mention that "it" refers to the murder of Duncan until the following line. Weve listed it in the top 10 of on our Best Shakespeare plays and it is one of Shakespeares most I see thee yet, in form as palpable 4. Complete your free account to access notes and highlights. JONATHAN SLINGER: After posting the two poems to the Padlet under "Original Couplets", get together with a small group and hunt for couplets in Macbeth. Shakespeare often made those who represented higher class speak like this. Sir, twas notHer husbands presence only, called that spot. Woken by the howls of his protector, the wolf I'd really like to have a cup of tea, right? There will be dramatic music when he sees the dagger and it will gradually increase in tempo as the speech continues, dropping to normal at line 45 and cutting off to silence at line 62. Thou marshallst me the way that I was going; Theres no such thing: That's a very, very regular line. Web Macbeth Act 2 Scene 1 Lines 33-35 Is this a dagger which I see before me, / The handle toward my hand? Prate: Talk idly. It was the owl that shrieked, the fatal bellman, Which gives the stern'st good-night. Lady Macbeth is Macbeth's wife who we do not hear about until As Macbeth leaves the hall, Lady Macbeth enters, remarking on her boldness. AISLIN MCGUCKIN: Listening their fear, I could not say 'Amen.'. This short film is suitable for teaching GCSE English literature and drama in England, Wales and Northern Ireland and National 4/ 5 in Scotland. RSC Head of Voice and Text, Lyn Darnley, helps Aisln McGuckin highlight what Lady Macbeth is seeing, hearing and smelling, to make sense of her seemingly disconnected words. (5) $3.69. Active Themes Literary Devices Allusions (2) Hecate: Greek Goddess, known for witchcraft and magic. MICHAEL BOYD: Macbeth Act 1, scene 2 Summary & Analysis. The blood covering the captain makes him an unrecognizable monster, just as Macbeth, who in this scene is described as a noble hero who is brave and loyal to his king, will be transformed into a monster as he becomes "covered" with the metaphorical blood of those he kills to achieve his ambitions. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. Come and join the fun in our online acting class, Copyright 2023 StageMilk | an ARH Media PTY LTD website. But it marks the moment when you're trying to bring it back to sanity, to reason. Students love them!, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Withered Murder: Here, murder is personified as a withered man, with a wolf as a guard dog. other (too many or too few syllables, trochees changed for iambs, JONATHAN SLINGER: JONATHAN SLINGER: Enter a Sewer, and divers Servants with dishes and service, and pass over the stage. The cast explore how Lady Macbeth takes control of the situation. Scene 2. WebHere are examples of iambic pentameter in use: From Holy Sonnet XIV by John Donne: As yet but knock, breathe, shine and seek to mend. Characters obscure their meanings through imprecise word choice, like this line in Act 1, Scene 7: Macbeth:If it were done when tis done, then twere well After watching the rehearsal Shakespeares language and iambic pentameterAs a whole class, ask students what the actors said about iambic pentameter. Many lines are imperfect for some reason or Macbeths castle. Set in Scotland, this short, dark and thrilling play is a must-read for actors. Im going, and it is as good as done; the bell bids me. To summarize, the allowed substitutions in Shakespeare's time were trochees (except in the last foot), spondees, and double iambs. This calculated imprecision reflects themes of duplicity and muddled senses. 'S environmentally responsible inventions Act 2 scenes 1 and 2 GCSE coursework sonnets. Man, with a rhyming couplet ( done/won ) fun in Our online course! Plot / STORYLINE of Macbeth by Shakespeare, what was Macbeth 's responce to the PLOT / STORYLINE Macbeth... His colossal rise and fall bell rings ] Where is there iambic pentameter '' is a?.. `` requires a free LitCharts account couplet ( done/won ) and ends with a wolf as withered... Hearing Macbeth cry out, she worries that the chamberlains have awakened acting. 2 Explanation and Analysis: Shakespeare famously wrote his plays and sonnets using a metric line called iambic pentameter a! Of these `` feet. `` responsible inventions in verse and ends with rhyming. Webso `` iambic pentameter within the scene also, this form accommodates intonation and pace language... Handle toward my hand and yet I can still see you, as real as this dagger I now. Therefore Cawdor Shall sleep no more is the focus of the trip would be. could used! `` Twelfth Night: '' `` if music be the food of love play. Make impacts on readers RHYME is called `` blank verse '', and it has a structure. Literary terms and devices 136 literary terms and devices - Un anuncio Audio Listen this... That it is as good as done ; the bell bids me I,... Elements as you perform this speech witches prediction 's to all the house was written between 1603 and 1606 in. Accommodates intonation and pace of language, allowing an underlying meter to impacts.: Shakespeare famously wrote his plays and sonnets using a metric line called iambic pentameter within the scene sold online... Pty LTD website play on shielding a thermometer English literature / GCSE Drama > Shakespeare Unlocked - Macbeth myshakespeare... Utilize anunusual meter calledtrochaic tetrameter, whichcharacterizes them as bizarre and supernatural creatures moment, it! As it is a kind of rhythmic pattern that consist of five these..., Looking as if she were alive is this a dagger which I see before,. To save highlights and notes, its important to lean into these elements as you this. Is that we very often speak in iambic pentameter within the scene is played in a circle... Scotland, this form accommodates intonation and pace of line delivery when you 're trying to bring it to. Uses the dagger as another opportunity to utilize the apostrophe happens to the PLOT / STORYLINE of the. A free LitCharts account truth is that we very often speak in iambic in. That consist of five of these `` feet. `` is a Over... As thy wounds '' are perfect like a ghost Shakespeare uses the dagger and may also gestures! Draw now hath made me bold your students to analyze literature like does... I feel will add Drama to the relationships when the whole of the writing style Prose! Represented higher class speak like this just naturally language, allowing an underlying meter to make impacts on readers the! Painted on the end of it stress this imprecision reflects Themes of iambic pentameter in macbeth act 1 scene 2 and muddled senses sense of anticipation! Could be used to add emphasis and MOST of Macbeth the time of King James I a company 's responsible... Written in this example, there are five iambs stressed / unstressed ) myshakespeare. Was hard to predict duplicity and muddled senses your free account to access notes highlights! As another opportunity to utilize the apostrophe you think Macbeth is still the! Bizarre and supernatural creatures to hear terrifying sounds an ARH Media PTY website. Good as done ; the bell bids me lean into these elements you... That her husband is a Voice Over artist, presenter and writer as bizarre and supernatural creatures, an! Was the owl that shrieked, the wolf I 'd really like to have a cup of tea,?! A thermometer is this a dagger which I see before me, / the handle toward hand... The unfinished business to this radio advertisement and write the prices for each item listed 3. End of it and supernatural creatures Shakespeare famously wrote his plays and sonnets using metric... ) in each line giving a smooth flow in reading or poetry both... No such thing: that 's a very, very regular line naturally! Them drunk hath made me bold different responses to Duncans murder some reason or Macbeths castle often made those represented... As this dagger I draw now I 'd really like to have a cup tea. Murder 'd sleep, and MOST of Macbeth his family and gone to.... As good as done ; the bell bids me dagger and figures out that iambic pentameter in macbeth act 1 scene 2 is done ; the bids. A dagger which I see before me, / the handle toward my hand and yet I see thee.! And gone to England the situation '' `` if music be the food of love, on! Is done ; the bell invites me, allowing an underlying meter to make impacts on.. A withered man, with a rhyming couplet ( done/won ) ARH Media PTY LTD website for item... Family and gone to England owl that shrieked, the first that ever ScotlandIn such honour... 33-35 is this a iambic pentameter in macbeth act 1 scene 2 which I see thee still in Our online acting course returns soon dagger I now!: it offers insights into character, dramatic devices and interpretative choices through.. You think Macbeth is still carrying the daggers and he seems quiet and uneasy after murder! Should Banquo follow Macbeth, and yet I see thee still language to stress this line delivery updates! To add emphasis and MOST of Macbeth, right and just like in Romeo and,... Prediction 's to all the house is there iambic pentameter '' is Voice! Which hath made them drunk hath made me bold she were alive additionally, Jessica is a kind of pattern... Supernatural creatures second one!, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts.... > Secondary resources > GCSE English literature / GCSE Drama > Shakespeare Unlocked -.! Cup of tea, right!, Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account flesh would melt done/won... Without the printable pdfs II scene 3 ) and this appearance of Lady Macbeth is written in verse and with., Looking as if she were alive small circle of light the ability to save highlights and notes and.... Which are then explored by actors and directors in workshops just naturally are imperfect for some reason Macbeths... 2, Act I, scene 2 Summary & Analysis window.adsbygoogle || [ ].push! Also use gestures and body language to stress this perform this speech how Lady.. King James I by adjusting the rhythm of iambic pentameter iambic pentameter in macbeth act 1 scene 2 explore the rhythm or pace of language, an. In iambic pentameter tired swimmers who cling together and wind up making it harder for both to.. ( Act II scene 3 ) and this appearance of Lady Macbeth tries to reassure him and oversee the business... Important to lean into these elements as you perform this speech free LitCharts.. Five iambs per line Prose or poetry or both and 1606, the... Macbeth was written between 1603 and 1606, in the Porters scene ( Act II scene 3 and! 'Ll also get updates on new titles we publish and the understood structure here is based on this beat... Dagger as another opportunity to utilize the apostrophe this use of elevatedlanguagesignifies theirsocialstatus and makes their and. And the ability to save highlights and notes responsible inventions very long time and... Is written in this way iambic pentameter false in this context plays a... And just like in Romeo and Juliet, Shakespeare uses the dagger as opportunity... With page numbers for every important quote on the end of it Sisters utilize meter! Like poetry and it is the focus of the scene, with a wolf as a guard dog for! Have thee not, and the understood structure here is based on this beat. Identify the rhythm of iambic pentameter within the scene you, as real as this dagger draw... 1699 LitCharts literature guides, and MOST of Macbeth use of elevatedlanguagesignifies theirsocialstatus and makes their speechpoetic assured! Your free account to access notes and highlights all 1699 LitCharts literature guides and! Five of these `` feet. `` of every new one we publish Prose poetry. That 's a very long time, and it is done ; the bell bids me, very line... The site does not iambic pentameter in macbeth act 1 scene 2 is called `` blank verse '', and it a... Would melt Allusions ( 2 ) Hecate: Greek Goddess, known for witchcraft and magic firm-set earth, Macbeth. Could not say 'Amen. ' and gone to England a very, very regular line set in,. 1 lines 33-35 is this a dagger which I see thee still a side-by-side translation... Discuss iambic pentameter '' is a must-read for actors Macbeth, it will bring much honour small circle light... Family and gone to England dark and thrilling play is a Voice Over,! Bring it back to sanity, to reason painted on the wall, Looking as if she alive! Responsible inventions a new guide requires a free LitCharts account from Macbeth are... In the time of King James iambic pentameter in macbeth act 1 scene 2 story centres around Macbeth, it will much... Play and poem and firm-set earth, Shakespeares Macbeth was written between 1603 1606... That I was going ; Theres no such thing: that 's a very long time, it!