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This was the critical insight that became Cloud Native Application Bundles (CNAB). The First Bundle Bringing container magic to cloud-native applications Cloud Native Application Bundles: A Simple Way to Install Software on Kubernetes (or Any Other Runtime) The First Bundle Footage of the first bespoke bundle coming into existance. Enumerating the big features, we started to list things we would want to be able to do: The list went on in a similar vein for a while. For example, one tool can “claim” ownership over an application deployment, while another tool can access the shared information about that application and how it was deployed. Late last year, the CNAB (Cloud Native Application Bundles) specification was announced - the news made it to TechCrunch and other tech publications, and partner organizations wrote about how they’re using CNAB (for example Docker, Pivotal, or Bitnami). It means that you can build a bundle with tool A, install it with tool B, then upgrade it or uninstall it with tool C - so the following workflow could be possible: The arguments and flags passed to the tools above are not representative. Through mixins, Porter can support a vast range of cloud technologies, from Terraform to Helm to Docker Compose, making it easy to tailor a CNAB bundle to your preferred target cloud or technology stack. is also open source and is a great starting point if you wish to work with a user-friendly CNAB tool immediately. So what is CNAB? Send us a pull request! We have spent an extra year diving deeper into scenarios and vetting and collaborating popular security products so that it could be accomplished with existing solutions. Over the last two years, we have refined our model, goals, and features to meet this scenario best. We need to manage lifecycle (particularly installation, upgrade, and deletion) of our applications. But let’s take a step back and recap what problems CNAB is trying to solve: You can read an introduction to CNAB, and here you can find the CNAB announcement blog post. Our goal with CNAB is to provide a package management story for the cloud. is supported in Porter, providing a new avenue for integrating Docker’s excellent developer tooling with other cloud technologies. For Docker, CNAB provides a convenient way to encapsulate applications built using core Docker technology, without requiring the user to learn yet another technology stack. True, there are specific services (like PaaS) that make this manageable for a small segment of the ecosystem. With Docker, Datadog, and Pivotal (before their acquisition by VMware), we wrote a specification that described how to build cloud-centric packages that are captured in Docker containers. The same introduction document introduced the desired functionality CNAB hoped to bring: Broadly, CNAB brings several features that aren’t currently in the ecosystem: In the months following the initial announcement, the specification was split into three separate specifications: CNAB Core - addresses 1, 2, and part of 5. Initially announced at DockerCon EU in December of 2018, our combined team has continued to work on the specifications, build tools, and explore better ways of delivering an easy-to-use cloud packaging experience. There is also a list of issues deferred for a post 1.0 version of the core specification - and as the tools using CNAB mature, that list is expected to grow. CNAB is designed to operate well in enterprise environments. And this means that CNAB must have a robust “air gap” story. Installing a new app on your phone is simple. Why break down into multiple specifications in the first place? But when it comes to a high-level solution, we are still left doing the orchestration of things either by hand or with bespoke tools. Two years ago, my team sat down and asked a straightforward question: Why is installing, upgrading, and deleting applications from the cloud is such a challenge? Finally, thanks to the diligent work of Datadog, the CNAB group is preparing to publish a second specification: The CNAB Security 1.0 Specification. With this combination of specification and tooling, we’re optimistic that you can get started with CNAB today. Also, all other areas depended on the core specification, so it made sense to reach a stability point there, then turn to the other parts of the ecosystem. For a list of trademarks of The Linux Foundation, please see our, Set up object storage and cloud databases databases, Load containerized workloads onto clusters like Kubernetes, but perhaps not only Kubernetes, Manage virtual networks and resources like load balancers, Interoperate with policy and identity control tools, Make it possible and even easy for developers to introduce support for new services and tools. We are eagerly pushing these toward completion. While the core cloud technologies like virtual machines and object storage have been around for over a decade, and a rich tapestry of cloud infrastructure exists, managing cloud applications remains a challenge. We had already written a CNAB reference implementation (Duffle) designed to exercise the specification. CNAB is intended to work well in these environments as well. This means that from development through testing, and finally on into release, each step can be verified according to a robust security process. All rights reserved. We believe CNAB represents a new generation of security tooling that reduces risk and increases the fidelity of cloud technologies. a number of issues have been raised regarding some clarifications, list of issues deferred for a post 1.0 version of the core specification. The CNAB Claims 1.0 Specification describes how CNAB tools can share a common description of their deployed applications. In the next article, we will discuss the distribution of CNAB bundles. CNAB is a standard packaging format for multi-component distributed applications. So is installing one on your Mac, Linux box, or PC. We believe we can achieve this goal without requiring another cloud service or tying the user to only one cloud provider. It is not a platform-specific tool, and developers can bundle applications targeting environments spanning IaaS (like OpenStack or Azure), container orchestrators (like Kubernetes or Nomad), container runtimes (like local Docker or ACI), and cloud platform services (like object storage or Database as a Service). We hope this will not be the case, and we think that we’ve covered potential issues (adding custom extensions, custom actions, handling image relocation without mutating the bundle, to name a few), but realizing another part of the ecosystem will only work with a future CNAB Core 2.0 is a possibility until those parts reach stability. But we wanted to make sure we did our due diligence. Store bundles in repositories for remote installation. Docker initially announced their CNAB support for Docker Apps with a great architectural introduction. There you will find not only the specifications, the common source libraries (like, ), and our full command-line reference implementation. What if we just used a Docker container as the primary package technology? (One example for this scenario is a team that needs the application definition of a bundle, but already has mechanisms in place for distributing it, and ways of attesting the provenance. Docker initially announced their CNAB support for Docker Apps with, . It should run just as smoothly on Azure, AKS, on-prem OpenStack, and everything else. Over the last few months, we have witnessed first-hand how much the cloud has to offer. We have even experimented with a graphical, The Linux Foundation introduces Cloud Engineer Bootcamp for cloud job seekers (ZDNet), Lenovo’s Massive Ubuntu And Red Hat Announcement Levels Up Linux In 2020 (Forbes), Goldman Sachs Open Sources its Data Modeling Platform through FINOS, Introducing the Open Governance Network Model, Why Congress should invest in open-source software (Brookings), Open Source Processes Driving Software-Defined Everything (LinuxInsider), Amundsen: one year later (Lyft Engineering). It should be just as simple to install a distributed application into your cloud — this is the goal of the Cloud Native Application Bundles (CNAB) project. Make it completely cloud-agnostic. “As modern applications continue to grow in complexity, there’s an immediate need to simplify how these multiservice, distributed applications are built, shared and run,” said Robert Duffner, director of alliance marketing at Docker. Copyright © 2020 The Linux Foundation®. According to the official specification: CNAB is a standard packaging format for multi-component distributed applications. After all, we’d built the enormously successful Helm package manager for Kubernetes. Duffner continued, “Modern applications are made up of a wide range of comp… The scope of the problem is objectively broad, and it’s much easier to iterate and agree on a subset of changes, with a reduced problem space. For example, one tool can “claim” ownership over an application deployment, while another tool can access the shared information about that application and how it was deployed. The CNAB specification is developed under an open source model. In that case, we can reuse a considerable amount of cloud infrastructure, easily moving packages around–even across air-gapped boundaries. This team could decide to only implement the CNAB Core specification.). At the end of last year, they explained how CNAB worked with application templates in Docker Desktop. At the end of last year, they explained how CNAB worked with application templates in, . Do you have a blog post, video, tutorial, demo, or some other neat thing using CNAB that you’d like to share? But this doesn’t come without any risks - the most obvious is potentially realizing that the core specifications needs (breaking) changes in order to accommodate distribution or security. From day one, this has been a goal. For Docker, CNAB provides a convenient way to encapsulate applications built using core Docker technology, without requiring the user to learn yet another technology stack. Porter is also open source and is a great starting point if you wish to work with a user-friendly CNAB tool immediately. Just as it is easy to run an installer on our laptops or put a new app on our phone, it should be easy to install a new cloud application. But it was not necessarily designed to provide a great user experience. The CNAB specification is developed under an open source model. Of course following the specification freeze a number of issues have been raised regarding some clarifications, but none of them has lead to major changes. With this specification, CNAB becomes a compelling method for transporting sophisticated cloud-native applications from network to network–without sacrificing security or requiring copious amounts of manual labor. So as a community, we decided to focus on having a stable core specification first. For those responsible for building and maintaining our cloud presence, we know that some formidable issues are not yet resolved. The core specification is written with air-gapped environments in mind, as is the security specification. CNAB Registries - addresses part of 5 and 6. And then came the two killer features: The feature list was looking daunting until a rather elegant solution presented itself: Today’s packages are moved around in self-contained bundles of code and supporting resources. Finally, we have one more specification in the works. One of those is how we install, upgrade, and delete applications in the cloud. Using containers, a bit of JSON, and some best-of-breed security infrastructure, we have created a package management standard for the cloud. The core specification covers the following areas: This is the area of CNAB that has seen the most interest so far, and at the beginning of August, a core specification freeze has been instated, stabilizing the core specification even more, and allowing the reference implementation and other tools implementing the specification (such as Porter or Docker App) to implement the latest changes.

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