Government schools are further classified as comprehensive and selective schools. [335] 2UE was founded in 1925 and under the ownership of Fairfax Media is the oldest station still broadcasting. [11], The Bundjalung people are the original custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas.[12]. The state is represented by the New South Wales Blues in the State of Origin series. At this time customs posts were common on borders, even on the Murray River. The Northern Suburbs include several landmarks – Macquarie University, Gladesville Bridge, Ryde Bridge, Macquarie Centre and Curzon Hall in Marsfield. The Sydney Swans and Greater Western Sydney Giants are local Australian rules football clubs that play in the Australian Football League. This was denounced as illegal by conservatives, and also by James Scullin's federal Labor government. Includes those identifying as. Early Sydney was moulded by the hardship suffered by early settlers. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [226] There are 15 separate parks under the administration of the City of Sydney. The state can be divided geographically into four areas. The original inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago.

Britain decided in 1786 to found a new penal outpost in the territory discovered by Cook some 16 years earlier. [319], Filmmaking in Sydney was quite prolific until the 1920s when spoken films were introduced and American productions gained dominance in Australian cinema. Modern and International architecture came to Sydney from the 1940s. [422] Dams were built on these three rivers between 1907 and 1935. The Star is the city's only casino and is situated around Darling Harbour. [261] The Australian Securities Exchange began operating in 1987 and with a market capitalisation of $1.6 trillion is now one of the ten largest exchanges in the world. The national Wallabies rugby union team competes in Sydney in international matches such as the Bledisloe Cup, Rugby Championship, and World Cup. The main station is the Central railway station in the southern part of the CBD. [212], Sydney surpass both New York City and Paris real estate prices, having some of the most expensive in the world,[213][214] The city remains Australia's most expensive housing market, with the mean house price at $1,142,212 as of December 2019 (over 25% higher the national mean house price).[215]. Supporters of federation included the New South Wales premier Sir Henry Parkes whose 1889 Tenterfield Speech (given in Tenterfield) was pivotal in gathering support for New South Wales involvement. It was replaced in this role in 1959 by the Reserve Bank of Australia which is also based in Sydney. Sydney is unbearably hot for only a few days each year, when a westerly wind brings hot dry air from the desert. The main passenger airport serving the metropolitan area is Kingsford-Smith Airport, one of the world's oldest continually operating airports. In March 2019, the population of New South Wales was over 8 million, making it Australia's most populous state. The Australian Bureau of Statistics has stated that most who nominate "Australian" as their ancestry are part of the, Of any ancestry. [citation needed] Labor returned to office under the moderate leadership of William McKell in 1941 and remained in power for 24 years. To relieve congestion on the Sydney Harbour Bridge, the Sydney Harbour Tunnel opened in August 1992. The sandstone has shale lenses and fossil riverbeds. Actual suburbs and localities that are considered to be in the Hills District can be somewhat amorphous and variable.

One of the widespread fungi is Witch's Butter (Tremella mesenterica). The Northern Tablelands, which are also on the North coast, have relatively mild summers and cold winters, due to their high elevation on the Great Dividing Range. [216] Car dependency is an ongoing issue in Sydney–of people that travel to work, 58.4% use a car, 9.1% catch a train, 5.2% take a bus, and 4.1% walk. It is based in a terrace house in Darlington owned by the University of Sydney. It offered courses in areas such as mechanical drawing, applied mathematics, steam engines, simple surgery, and English grammar. This area includes the Snowy Mountains, the Northern, Central and Southern Tablelands, the Southern Highlands and the South West Slopes. New South Wales' state capital is Sydney, which is also Australia's most populous city.

During early colonial times the presiding Governor and his military shared absolute control over the population. [422] In 1977 the Shoalhaven Scheme brought several more dams into service. The Commercial Traveller's Club, located in Martin Place and built in 1908, was of similar height at 10 floors. [175] The southwest also features Bankstown Reservoir, the oldest elevated reservoir constructed in reinforced concrete that is still in use and is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register. Extreme summer heat is tempered from time to time by the arrival of a cold front from the Tasman Sea, heralded by a stiff wind from the south known locally as the “Southerly Buster.” In winter (June–August), however, the westerly wind is cool. [citation needed]. Mortimer Lewis designed the Australian Museum in 1857. His replacement as Liberal leader and Premier was John Fahey whose government secured Sydney the right to host the 2000 Summer Olympics.

[3] The Professional Services and Financial and Insurance Services industries account for 25.4% of employment within the City of Sydney. [378] From its hub at Circular Quay the ferry network extends from Manly to Parramatta.[393]. [309] Contemporary art galleries are found in Waterloo, Surry Hills, Darlinghurst, Paddington, Chippendale, Newtown, and Woollahra. [303] Other museums based in Sydney include the Powerhouse Museum and the Australian National Maritime Museum. The western slopes descend slowly to the western plains that comprise almost two-thirds of the state and are largely arid or semi-arid. Construction of the CBD and South East Light Rail was completed in April 2020. Built on low hills surrounding a huge harbour with innumerable bays and inlets, the city is dominated by the bulk of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, one of the longest steel-arch bridges in the world, and the Opera House, with its glittering white shell-shaped roofs that seem to echo the sails of the many yachts in the adjacent harbour. Most of these suburbs measure less than 1 square kilometre (0.4 square miles) in area. [11] Speaking a variant of the Dharawal language, the Wodi Wodi peoples lived across a large stretch of land which was roughly surrounded by what is now known as Campbelltown, Shoalhaven River and Moss Vale. Sydney Metro, a driverless rapid transit system separate from the suburban commuter network, commenced operation in 2019, with plans in place to extend the system through the CBD by 2024. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences, 62(2), 255–263. [167] The Boothtown Aqueduct in Greystanes is a 19th-century water bridge that is listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register as a site of State significance. [321] Fox Studios Australia commenced production in Sydney in 1998. Parramatta Road was opened in 1811, which is one of Sydney's oldest roads and Australia's first highway between two cities – Sydney (present day city centre) and Parramatta. Sydney is the state capital of New South Wales and the most populous city in Australia and Oceania. [364] The 2000 Summer Olympics were held in Sydney and became known as the "best Olympic Games ever" by the President of the International Olympic Committee. Met. [150] More than 75% of neighbourhoods in the Electoral District of Wentworth fall under the top decile of SEIFA advantage, making it the least disadvantaged area in the country. Sydney spans two geographic regions. In 1899 further referenda were held in the same states as well as Queensland (but not Western Australia). Opened on 1 April 1892, its shop fronts are an exact replica of the original internal shopping facades. Regional cities such as Albury, Dubbo, Griffith and Wagga Wagga and towns such as Deniliquin, Leeton and Parkes exist primarily to service these agricultural regions. Coetzee's Diary of a Bad Year (2007) and Kate Grenville's The Secret River (2010). [182][183] Customs House was built in 1844 to the specifications of Lewis, with additions from Barnet in 1887 and W L Vernon in 1899. [83] The Wianamatta Group is made up of the following units (listed in stratigraphic order): Bringelly Shale, Minchinbury Sandstone and Ashfield Shale. Macquarie's legacy is still evident today. The climate in the northeast region of the state, or the North Coast, bordering Queensland, is hot and humid in the summer and mild in winter. The Inner West generally includes the Inner West Council, Municipality of Burwood, Municipality of Strathfield, and City of Canada Bay. In the 1850s and 1860s the railway reached areas that are now outer suburbs of Sydney.[378]. Tourism is important to the economies of coastal towns such as Coffs Harbour, Lismore, Nowra and Port Macquarie, but the region also produces seafood, beef, dairy, fruit, sugar cane and timber. The inner city measures 25 square kilometres (10 square miles), the Greater Sydney region covers 12,367 square kilometres (4,775 square miles), and the city's urban area is 1,687 square kilometres (651 square miles) in size. New industries such as information technology and financial services are largely centred in Sydney and have risen to take their place, with many companies having their Australian headquarters in Sydney CBD. The Sydney Conservatorium of Music is located adjacent to the Royal Botanic Garden and serves the Australian music community through education and its biannual Australian Music Examinations Board exams. In 2015, Sydney was ranked 13th for being the top fashion capitals in the world. The city's New Year's Eve celebrations are the largest in Australia. [116][117][101][118] From 1990 to 1999, Sydney received around 20 thunderstorms per year. More than 75% of South Australia’s population lives in greater Adelaide. It also includes the high capacity Stadium Australia used for rugby, soccer, and Australian rules football. The Hills district generally refers to the suburbs in north-western Sydney including the local government areas of The Hills Shire, parts of the City of Parramatta Council and Hornsby Shire. The colony then also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemen's Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. This building was completed in 1816 and first served as a hospital. [31][30], Executive authority is vested in the Governor of New South Wales, who represents and is appointed by Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia. [3] At the time of the 2011 census, more than 250 different languages were spoken in Sydney. [192] The neo-Classical and French Second Empire style Town Hall was completed in 1889. Herpetofauna 6 (2): 2–5.



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