In militaristic nations, generals and admirals often act as de facto government ministers or officials, advising political leaders and influencing domestic policy. First developed in 1881, machine guns also became smaller, lighter, more accurate, more reliable and much faster, some capable of firing up to 600 rounds per minute.

German defence spending during this period increased by a massive 73 per cent, dwarfing the increases in France (10 per cent) and Britain (13 per cent). By the early 1900s, this range had almost tripled. By the early 1900s, the Navy League and the press were calling on the government to commission more Dreadnoughts (battleships). One popular slogan was “We want eight [Dreadnoughts] and we won’t wait!”. The idea of the “survival of the fittest” is what lingered in the minds of the men who took part in the rise of militarism in the 1800s. “The belief in war as a test of national power and a proof of national superiority added a scientific base to the cult of patriotism… In Britain, a real effort was made to teach boys that success in war depended upon the patriotism and military spirit of the nation, and that preparation for war would strengthen ‘manly virtue’ and ‘patriotic ardour’.” With their victory the various German states unified and became the undisputed military power on the European Under modern conditions, whole nations could be mobilised at once and their whole lifeblood and resources poured out in a torrent. Governments and leaders who failed to maintain armies and navies to protect the national interest were considered weak or incompetent.

Prior to WW1 the major European powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Britain, France, Russia and Italy) increased military expenditures drastically. In 1870 the combined military spending of the six great powers (Britain, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Russia and Italy) totalled the equivalent of £94 million. Newspapers held up military leaders as heroes, painted rival nations as dangerous aggressors and regularly speculated about the possibility of war. increased but For more information, visit Alpha History or our Terms of Use. Militarism was strongest in Germany, where the Kaiser relied heavily on his military commanders and the civilian legislature (Reichstag) exerted little or no control over the military. In the 19th and early 20th centuries, military power was considered a measure of national and imperial strength. In contrast, the British issue Lee-Enfield .303 could hit a target more than two kilometres away. The following table lists estimated defence and military spending in seven major nations between 1908 and 1913 (figures shown in United States dollars): This period saw significant changes to the quality of military weapons and equipment, as well as their quantity.
The German-speaking Kingdom of Prussia is considered the wellspring of European militarism. Publisher: Alpha History
In old days, nations could collect only portions of their men and resources at a time and dribble them out by degrees. Barbed wire, an invention of the 1860s, was also embraced by military strategists as an anti-personnel device. This site was updated last on August 19th 2020. The Prussian army was reformed and modernised in the 1850s by Field Marshal von Moltke the Elder. Elsewhere in Europe, militarism was more restrained and less flagrant, yet it remained a potent political and cultural force. Increase in military control of the civilian government After 1907, there was an increase in military influence on policy making. By 1914, it had quadrupled to £398 million. In 1898, the German government’s fourth Fleet Act ordered the construction of 17 new vessels. Militarism was one of the main causes of the First World War. Russia’s embarrassing defeat by the Japanese (1905) prompted the tsar to order a massive rearmament program. Military leaders had influence over civil governments and placed their interests and priorities first. ?��٫�}�ϳL��C�p�W4��������A��L��LSp��,�8_g��h�5ܓ`�B\�3\�yI�?ₘ3΃ d㼔�ؓ�p!Hq�B&�da��{��I������v�«����$�,H8p���X�$�t['�q>p�h ^�%�>aO����\�Hx�,�à���AB:q��.�d:�BR��2�0Ȃ1.��!�0I8��*��O���ʂ�����Oc�V�+9��\�o��>f��[ UJ��2P ��\�kN�!�Z]M�O��R���^hE�$!��|v ��n�)�{:��Y�Lԅ �5���0$��;�/aj��� ���4�d��&�R�,�X�=I�ƙ�8tN�}pdS��،��է����/�pz��b���:���/��B����/)�/��q��N/���_{�^�ϷH���=�8p�ž������� 170,000.


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